Analyse the considerations that regulate when an athlete returns to play after an injury Essay Example for Free

Analyse the considerations that regulate when an athlete returns to play after an detriment EssayThe considerations that regulate when an athlete is able to return to play after an injury includes indicators or deftness to return to play, monitoring progress, psychological readiness, specific w encircle up procedures, return to play policies and procedures as well as ethical considerations. It is arrogant that an athletes injury has recovered, their fitness and skills are close to pre-injury levels and also that their confidence in their injury is 100%.Training pain free and having right mobility return to the injure site are clear indicators of readiness for return to play. In order to measure an athletes readiness after returning from an injury they must go through various physical tests to test their fitness and basic skills needed to perform in their sport. For example, a netb solelyer returning from an injured ankle would be tested on her agility through drills includi ng side stepping and dogging. Her match fitness could be tested in a practice racy situation at training provided she is pain free and has complete mobility.Monitoring progress through both pre-tests and post-tests is essential to an athletes retrieval in order to restrict if they have or have not gained the necessary fitness and skills after injury. Ongoing tests, discussions between athlete and physio, visual observations of the athlete and video footage are all means which may be used to appropriately measure the athletes progress. Thus, appropriate pre and post tests can significantly help trainers to evaluate and expatiate particular training programs that will help to athlete return to play quicker after an injury. E.g A swimmer could monitor their progress of an injured arm by measuring the range of movement pre and post training.An athletes psychological can be effectively measured by discussions between the athlete, baby carriage and sports psychologist, visual observa tions and anxiety levels. An athlete returning to sport before theyre psychologically ready can lead to fear, anxiety, re-injury, depression and a decrease in performance. For example, a 100m sprinter who tore his hamstring from jumping out of the blocks may find it psychologically tough to reach their maximum force produced pre-injury.An injured athlete may need to go through a more specific warm up and stretching routine in order to achieve maximum recovery and minimise the chance or re-injury. Thus, extra care and time at the injured site is crucial to ensuring that adequate blood flow, increased flexibility and readiness to perform occur. E.g A soccer pretender may need to do their own specific warm up program set by their physio dispel to the team.Return to play policies and procedures vary with sports, as they may be determined by overall governing bodies or by individual sporting clubs. However, coaches, sports administrators and sports medical specialty practitioners play a vital consumption in establishing guidelines for when an injured athlete can return or wether they can play with the injury. For example, a water polo player may need to get their pectoral injury cleared by their team physio in order play.Ethical considerations play a vital role in determining when an athlete returns to play. Athletes ask themselves, When is the right time to play? Unfortunately, there are internal and external pressures such as temptation, fear of losing their countersink on the team, pressure from sponsors and media as well as boredom, sometimes luring them into returning to play before theyre ready. Thus, this could easily lead to an athlete using painkillers or similar drugs from rapid advances in drug technology, in order to continue playing.

Facilitating Case Management Essay Example for Free

Facilitating Case Management Essay wherefore is it important for a case manager to develop rapport with a client? Provide trine examples of how rapport can be generated. 2. Why are statutory requirements necessary? What impact do they have on the case managers design? 3. What information might you need to gather from the families of clients? 4. List two elements that may be considered to be characteristics of a complex case. 5. Describe two strategies you may use up when dealing with a client with complex issues. 6.Case management architectural plans must be developed in order to reflect the initial assessment of needs. Why is it essential that these plans be designed in consultation with clients? 7. Casework processes should be continually monitored for effectiveness. a) List two reasons why this is necessary. b) How should monitoring be undertaken? 8. If changes to a case plan are required, who should be consulted prior to the changes being made? 9. Why is cultural conside ration important as part of case management planning? 0. abstraction three strategies you think a workplace needs to have for including cultural awareness in the planning process? 11. You are a Team attracter in a Community Service Organisation and your organisation has just employed a new case worker. Describe two strategies that can sponsor facilitate casework consultation between staff to maximise their performance in their new role. Best practice and promoting high-quality case management 12.What is meant by the term top hat practice case management? Why is best practice a significant service delivery benchmark? 13. How can case workers benefit from catch leadership, nominate, advice, supervision and challenges? In what ways might these improve service delivery? 14. Legislation, organisational policies and procedures can change over time. How might case management leaders support case managers in keeping up to date with organisational policies and procedures?

Reincarnation And Its Psychological Effect On Children Psychology Essay

rebirth And Its Psychological Effect On Children Psychology EssayReincarnation is becoming more(prenominal) and more popular by dint of and through time it is a broad and interesting debate to discuss and shed light on. Everyone may receive a little about reincarnation, but few image the complexities and how it actually works. Now you can find out how reincarnation really affects us. Reincarnationis a concept which is common to many religious beliefs and spiritual practices. harmonize to the theory ofreincarnation, when muckledie, some part of themselves lives on in a nonher person. After understanding the content of reincarnation and later believing in its instauration there is an important hide side in it which interested me to talk about( S.E. Smith 2003) .This research will help us understand how it is important for the p atomic number 18nts and the individuals to know the direct and indirect impression of reincarnation on their psychological side. Reincarnation is the b elief that a part of our consciousness will continue living after the death of the physical body and will be re-born into a new body here on Earth. The belief of reincarnation is widespread, in fact intimately universal in the East, but it has never been that popular in the West. For many people the idea of life after death is very comforting because it lessens their mourning and removes their fear of annihilation (Esoteric Science lee bladom 2006).Reincarnation and its psychological centre 3For others it is a subject that is never contemplated because ignorance is bliss. But whether we believe in it or not, the fact remains that life after death is a certainty because life cannot be extinguished.Problem statementBased on my own sense in reincarnation I became interested in childrens previous(prenominal) life memories because when I was young i had memories of other lifetimes I remember parts of preceding lives as if they were yesterday .Due to my experience and researches I d id, I found three main problems that renewd children pass through. One of them is the crash and the illusion that the children pass through in their reliable life and that is the result of the destruct that happens in their personality since they find it so hard to accept their electric current pargonnts .Second problem Is the ignorance of the parents repayable to the lack of knowledge about how it is important to understand and work on their children psychological and believing in what they are passing through.Reincarnation and its psychological effect 4Third problem is when something that happened to someone in a previous life, has created a phobia in this current life.For the above stated problems, there is a need to find a solution and to make the parents aware from what their children is passing through.Research questionsThe following research questions are used to guide the research carry throughHow can events or memories from a past life affect people/children in their c urrent life?How should parents deal with reincarnation if it happens to their children?How do reincarnate people differ from un reincarnate people?HypothesisReincarnation has serious psychological effectuate on childrens current and rising life?Reincarnation and its psychological effect 5DefinitionsThe terms that are recurrent in this research includes reincarnation, phobia, ignorance, psychological effect and after death.Reincarnation The wordreincarnationderives from the Latin term meaning the re-entering of the flesh.It means the Rebirth of the soul in another body(The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language).Other define reincarnation that there a distinction surrounded by reincarnation in the New Age presence and the doctrines that come out of Eastern religions such as Buddhism or Hinduism. While the Western idea of reincarnation, or transmigration of souls, borrows heavily from these two Eastern religions it is cycle of birth, death and rebirth. This differs from the New Age conception of reincarnation because often times in the New Age movement there is no concept of evil or immorality (Chandler 264 Pham 6).Phobia Social phobia is an anxiety disorder that is accessible to two forms of treatment manageable scientifically validated results drugs and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Graded exposure to feared social situations is fundamental to obtain an improvement of the anxious symptoms( Jesse Fox, Sun Joo Ahn Oct 2012 255-271).moreover (Murray stein issued in September)define phobia that is degree of anxiety and stress throughout their lifetimes. Also its is lack of social skills or motivation to improve their interpersonal relationship.Ignorance ignorance and uncertainty are usually unwelcome feelings and it is the condition of beingness uneducated, unaware, or uninformed(The American Heritage Dictionary of theReincarnation and its psychological effect 6English Language).according to Writer (Thomas Pynchon 2001)Ignorance is not just a blank quadriceps femoris on a persons mental map.Psychological effect Due to the world English dictionary defines psychological aspertainingtothemindortomentalphenomenaasthesubjectmatterofpsychology,andpertainingto,dealingwith,or affectingthemind,especiallyasafunctionofawareness,feeling,ormotivationpsychologicalplaypsychologicaleffect. While (John B. Watson) defines it as Psychologyis an academic andapplied disciplinethat involves thescientific studyofmental functionsandbehaviors.Literature reviewThere is a high agreement that reincarnation effects children psychologically, since Past-life memories effects present life in both(prenominal) aspects positive and negative. Positive past experiences can help people to keep up extra exercises and to be more wise since they lived before. And with respect to the Negative past experiences can lead to aversions and phobias that effect current and future life.Reincarnation and its psychological effect 7So how very much do our past lives affect our current lives?( Josef head) came up in discussion that, something that happened to someone in a previous life, has created a phobia in this current life. this means that pervious life affects children future and current life by building his personality on the phobia that is created and caused by previously experienced and has been carried to our currents lives.For character it could be someone who is fearful of water may have been a drowned sailor in another life and so on.Moon Goddesson may 31, 2011 at 1113pm inDaily Banter post that he truly feel that he have been here before, at least once. They could not tell us who or what they was previously but he feels that he lived before where it effects him in his current life, Because he is afeard(predicate) of heights, mildlyclaustrophobic, and afraid of particular spiders snakes. Nothing happened in this life to instigate these fears, but they are still there.In addition to all the discussions and points of view( Rules o f the House 25e) says that previous life holds through over fears -and said that previous life effects our present and future life psychological by creating for children a social disease called phobia. that they posted If you are terrified by fear to the point you worry about being burned, you have phobia. ThisReincarnation and its psychological effect 8means that you are affected by your past live negatively since you fear conjure up without ever having experienced it in this life, you have most likely died by fire in past lives.Moreover, as the published author of Hidden Treasures from Past Lives, Barbara explores the ways in which past lives impact our current lives and how to heal the effects.Although the majority of Americans overly believes that they have lived past lives, and they are studying how can reincarnation may affects their present life time. Many psychologists andpsychiatrists are studying the influence of past lives on their clients such as Barbara has studied their work as well as counseled her own clients in this field.It is Barbaras belief and experience about previous life that is affecting our thoughts, beliefs and the way we behave. And these leftovers from other lifetimes are what may be called legacies.(Barbara k.folts 2010) proposes about the clues that it may be experiencing a legacy right now and about the problems that exists for any causation in our current life.Some possible examples of legacies that Barbara listed areAbandonment in a past life which leads to hypersensitivity to people leaving you in this lifetime perfidy in a past life which now appears as a difficulty in your trusting others.Sexual abuse in a past life which leaves you with a legacy of sexual dysfunction in the current lifetime.Being smothered or trapped in a tight length in a past life causing you claustrophobia nowReincarnation and its psychological effect 9An unexplained symptom, physical, mental, or emotional, that is out of context deep down your g eneral lifeA legacy can become part of your personality, the stimulus for your behavior.other researches criticize about reincarnation and past lives such as( Joseph M. Higgins and regorge Bergman ) that posted the effect of reincarnation is positive since you gain as much experience as possible and u will be able to have many opportunities. In addition that you will be better prepared for that encounter due to the wisdom and experience youve gained. While Dr. Jim disagreed with them since he posted that reincarnate people pass through many negative effects such as destruction in their personality and this will take work and time. Moreover it will be hard for them to continue since they get tired of the journey and that they have to continue until the journey ends.Perhaps the strongest and best documented evidence in support of reincarnation comes from the work of the late Dr. Ian Stevenson (1918-2007), a Virginia psychiatrist of impeccable credentials, who began studying cases abo ut past life memories ,he studies about 3000 cases and all of them are children that are between 4 and 10 years who were able to talk about past lives and all the actions that happens with them in their past lives even they remember the date theyReincarnation and its psychological effect 10die and the villages they lived in. Additionally, many of the children Stevenson studied could remember how they had died in their previous life providing detailsMethodologyThe current research involves both qualitative and quantative methods since the data collection procedure are based on a questionnaire and an interview.QuestionnaireThe first method of data collection is a questionnaire including seven questions which rank between yes/no questions and open ended ones.The purpose of these questions is to collect data about the psychological effect of reincarnation on children in their current and future life.It is going to be distributed and administer by the researches herself.Sample investiga ted includes 30 people from the Shouf area (the sample is random chosen).Reincarnation and its psychological effect 11 questionThe interview is going to be conducted with two known exerted in field of psychology it includes (3 to 4 questions) about the topic (effect of reincarnation on children current and future life) and their point of view .ConclusionAs a result I strongly believe that reincarnation has a direct effect on children current and future life since it involves in them the feelings of punishment and abandonment as well as their personality will be built on Remnants of mass and on past memories. So here is the parents role to fix and help their children come over their problem.

English Essays Hitchcock Movie Of Rebecca

English Essays Hitchcock Movie Of RebeccaAnalyse the divergencys between the textual matter and the Hitchcock movie of RebeccaThe picture palace Rebecca (1940), enjoin by Alfred Hitchcock, is an adaptation of a platter by the same title published in 1938 by author Daphne Demurer. To analyse the differences between these two pieces of travel it is perhaps necessary to first sharpen out the obvious film adaptations of fabrications argon never completely true to the original book. It is often a unfavorable judg custodyt that when novels are turned into screenplays that the author of the screening play has left chunks of the book out.This usually because their just is not time to cover every single circumstance on screen could you have sat through more than three hours of Peter Jacksons epic Lord of The Rings The Fellowship of the Ring, based on J.R.R. Tolkiens novel, for precedent? (I dont think any cinemagoers bladder could have coped with more) Or there are elements of th e original story that would distract the viewer from the crux of the plot for to a fault long, hence Fran Walsh cut out the character Tom Bombadil out of The Fellowships script, much to the dismay of some Tolkien purists.However, sometimes a script deliverr will assert his/her autonomy to the point where the novel that has been turned into a film does not even have the same ending as its original source. In Louis De Bernieres much loved book Captain Corellis Mandolin the main characters, and two lovers Captain Corelli and Pelagia, part for several years and Pelagia believes Corelli is dead until hes in his senior years and directly approaches Pelagia again and their love rekindles.However, in the movie (2001) one of the many contrasts to the original text is that Pelagia and Corelli live happily ever later on together in their younger years. With regards Hitchcocks Rebecca and DuMauriers Rebecca the storyline remains more often than not unchanged, yet the implications of its sexu al contexts have been treated differently.Throughout history women have been subjected to the elderly order the model pistillate being chaste and submissive and fundamentally what Simone De Bouviour calls mans other Woman is defined and differentiated with reference to man and not he with reference to her she is incidental, the inessential as opposed to the essential. He is the Subject, he is the Absolute -she is the OtherWhereas a sexually confident woman and assertive woman is depicted as impure, bad and on occasions mad.Before World War II, women were particularly defenceless to the former categorisation. But during the war, women participated in the work force as never before and thus asserting greater independence and autonomy. DuMauriers novel Rebecca, examines female sexuality, and its repercussions, in a society, which condemns its existence. Although both the novel and film fall aparts societys wish to keep the sexuality of women under control some of DuMauriers message lost in the translation of novel to film.However, the film was produced and directed by men so it was inevitable that their sex would affect the way they choose to interpret DuMauriers work on screen. As Helene Cixous says in her essay, The Laugh of the Medusa, it is impossible to produce a work of art that does not implicate your sex I write woman woman must write woman. And man, man.In both the novel and film, Rebecca is dead (she supposedly drowned the previous year) and is depicted as a threat due to her overt sexuality. Mrs. Danvers, Rebeccas devoted housekeeper, says, Ive seen them here, staying in the house, men shed meet in London They made love to her of course (p.245). Regardless of Rebeccas infidelities, her theme remains intact she is regarded as pleasant, beautiful and confident. Yet the parlay life she leads of wife and mistress is comparable to the duality of existence in which only men are allowed to indulge and thus threatens the structure of patriarchy. As Re beccas housekeeper Mrs Danvers ably states Rebecca ought to have been a boy (p.243).Rebeccas sexuality even threatens to destroy patriarchal dynasty. As Simone de Beauvoir writes in her essay The Second SexMarital infidelity where patriarchal traditions survive, still seems much more heinous for the wife than for the husband Womans adultery risks bringing the son of a stranger into the family, and thus defrauding legitimate heirs.Indeed the scene of an illegitimate heir is the crux of Rebeccas death in both novel and film. In the novel Max, Rebeccas husband kills her when she boasts that she is pregnant by another man, however the medical examiner rules death by suicide. In the film, Rebeccas death is attributed to an accidental fall after Max has physically struck her after she reveals her unfaithfulness to him. The reason for this important difference is that the censors demanded that Max could not kill his wife without paying the penalty for his crime. Suicide was in any ca se frowned upon.However, Rebeccas death suggests that both novel and film are in bargain that patriarchal society views Rebecca actions as immoral and that her death is the only way to keep the structure of patriarchy in tact.Although, in novel and film, Rebecca is highly regarded at heart society, Demurer understood she needed to justify Maxs crime to make it plausible, so she takes steps to dehumanise Rebecca. Aside from Maxs derogatory words about Rebecca, other characters assist in creating a negative view of Rebeccas character. The village simpleton, Ben, calls her a snake (p.154) the biblical connotations of this image suggest irreparable female sin. Damning language such as this pave the way for Maxs confession and provides justification for Maxs wish to kill her in the film, and his actually doing so in the novel.Prior to Rebeccas death, both novel and film reveal that a doctor had diagnosed her with terminal cancer and that her pregnancy is in fact a malformation of her u terus that would have prevented her from having children. From the perspective of the patriarchal society, Rebeccas cancer, her infertility, and her death are all attributable to her sexually deviant conduct. The message to women is that female sexuality must be confined to their husbands and that any deviation will be penalise because it undermines the superiority of men.Lesbianism in the novel also seeks to shake the foundations of patriarchy. The relationship between the spinster/housekeeper Mrs Danvers and Rebecca has homoerotic overtones. Mrs. Danvers tends to speak of Rebecca in sexual terms, especially in the novel. An voice of this is when she recalls an incident involving Rebecca at sixteenI remember her getting up on one of her fathers horses, a big brute of an animal too, that the groom verbalize was too hot for her to ride. She stuck to him all right. I can see her now, with her hair flying out behind her, slashing at him, drawing blood, digging the spurs into his si de, and when she got off his back he was trembling all over, full of froth and blood.The film, however, tends to diminish or soften lesbian overtones, because the film industry prohibited sexual perversion or any inference to it images depicting Mrs Danvers stroking Rebeccas nightgown, as well as references to Rebeccas nude body were cut out of the film. Instead the film chooses to paint Danvers as being obsessed with her dead mistress. This was also arguably because Hitchcock et al did not want their patriarchal authority over Du Mauriers text of screen to be diluted by the presence of masculine womenBoth novel and film strip Mrs. Danvers of humanity in the same way Rebecca is. She is described in the text as someone tall and gaunt, dressed in deep black, whose prominent cheek-bones and great, hollow eyes gave her a skulls face, parchment-white, set on a skeletons frame (p. 66). Furthermore, Mrs Danvers is also punished by death for moving outside the confines of patriarchy.Yet although novel and film are in agreement concerning societys condemnation of Mrs. Danvers, however, they do not necessarily agree upon her punishment. In the film, Mrs. Danvers defies the patriarchal establishment a final time by burning down Manderley, yet is burnt to death as a result. In the novel, the there is no evidence to suggest that the fire has killed Mrs Danvers all we know is that she cannot be found.In conclusion both novel and film explore the implications inherent for women who do not follow the doctrines of patriarchy as well as the differences between works of art produced by men and women. DuMauries emphasises the damage of a man committing murder, by shooting his wife in the heart, and emerging unpunished, unblemished. The dispensability and devaluation of women is illustrated by the fact that Max remains free, and remarries just ten months after committing the murder. Even when he confesses to the murder he manages to horrifyingly convince his unnamed wife that Rebecca deserved to be killed due to his inability to control her sexuality.Whereas Hitchcock preserves the reputation and authority of Max by changing Rebeccas murder to a death by accidental fall, of which Max is innocent. This major alteration serves to dilute DuMauriers progressive thoughts regarding female sexuality and her condemnation of men and patriarchy. Thus it appears that Hitchcock smearing his own artistic authority all over DuMauriers work mirrors the male dominance over womens sexuality indoors the society of the novel.BibliographyWalder, Dennis, Literature in the Modern World, De Beauvoir, Simone, Woman and the Other, p.307 (Oxford University Press, 1990)

Analysis Of The Tower Bridge Organisation Tourism Essay

Analysis Of The tower connect Organisation Tourism EssayThis re sort in allow foring be divided into 5 sections. In the first section I pull up stakes be describing the function of the comp both and the product it provides for its customers. The second section will provide an overview of the economics of the job and competition. The third section will describe the management structure at the company. The fourth section will provide both(prenominal) the PEST and SWOT analysis. Finally I will reflect on my time as a term of enlistmentist guide, describe the job role and take back my impressions of the company. Describing the company and what it offers jerk pair is a municipal enterprise owned, funded and managed by the City of capital of the United Kingdom Corporation who ar the local Government body accountable for the financial squ atomic number 18 mile. The City of capital of the United Kingdom is hence responsible for all commercial and operational matters relating t o pillar bridgework. Funding of the enterprise comes from a recollective standing(a) trust.Description of the companyLondon prevail keep going is located in the heart of London and is precise close to Londons transport infrastructure and world famous historical sites such as the predominate of London and HMS Belfast. It is a well known bridge that has mother an iconic figure of London, spanning the River Thames, and is within walking length of Londons other(a) famous attractions such as the Globe Theatre and Tate Modern. Originally built in 1894 to ease traffic congestion on London Bridge and designed to allow access to large ships to the pool of London, it was subjected to a major conversion to become a tourist centre in the 1980s. bulk large Bride is in that locationfore both a monument to Londons past and a successful tourist attraction. The main offering is the Tower Bridge disposition which allows put downors to enter inside the Bridge allowing access to the High Level passs with uninterrupted views across the city. This provides a whimsical selling point with which to market itself and provides a memorable and emotional experience for visitors. The tour similarly allows visitors to see the Victorian engine rooms from which the bridge wontd to be powered by. The company also offers corporate entertainment packages and a touristy gift shop for visitors. Entry prices are at an affordable rate and for viewing pleasure, the Exhibition comes equipped with interactive screens, sliding window panels for better impression quality and excellent graphics on their giant screens. One of the most important features of Tower Bridge is its bascule mechanism system, which rises around 1000 times a year and is palliate in function to this present mean solar day. Bridge open ups are very popular with the public and are part of its attraction and allure to tourists. This detail bridge is the only bridge in the world of its type that opens and closes .Market and competitorsAnother historical attraction within the same vicinity as Tower Bridge is the Tower of London, which often competes with Tower Bridge as deal tend to mix up the two because the structures are preferably similar and this whitethorn sometimes lead to confusion. Moreover, the Tower of London was famous in Britain and around the world during valet War 2 as an iconic landmark. Inevitably over follow Tower Bridge. Nonetheless the Tower Bridge is central to Londons historical heritage as a major commercial port. London has umteen other attractions including the London eye, which batch ease up up to 10,000 visitors every day and even the London Bridge Experience which opened in 2008. The Tower Bridge Exhibition has grown steadily since opening in 1984, with last year universe its most successful in terms of financial surplus and numbers of visitors. With a small marketing team and budgets, Tower Bridge Exhibition relies heavily on organisations such as Visit Britain/London to document trends in visitors. Tower Bridge Exhibition targets throughout the year a very broad area including both the European and domestic markets. Within the domestic markets educational groups are also targeted hardly equal importance is jelld on family groups. Advertising normally occurs through specialised magazines, in particular publications like the Times Educational Supplement or via websites such as www.vistislondon.co.uk where costs are generally lower then other mass media options. Trade shows are attended such as World Travel Market where the exposition is promoted to a range of tour and group organisers and databases are created for direct mail campaigns. Tower Bridge Exhibition has a unique relationship with its competitors, although in direct competition with one another, attractions within London work together along with Visit London to bring people to the area. Tower Bridge Exhibition has a list of distributors which in return for a discounted ticket rate sell tickets globally, however they also promote competitors. Other pick out stakeholders of Tower Bridge Exhibition are Local and National Government and the EU who and impose rules and regulations. The local community and response improvements, the Tower Bridge tender trust, all visitors, the media, internal trade unions and employees are also key stakeholders.The cost of visit the exhibition is 7.00 per adult and 3.00 per child (5-15) low fives go free, with a subsidization ticket costing 5.00 and disabled guests getting in for free. Group discounts are available for 10 people or more and a forwarding with internet rail allows 2 for 1 entry. Ad hoc promotions are run throughout the year targeting specific groups, for example the exhibitions 25th anniversary was celebrated by allow local residents in for 25p.Job roleAs a customer Care Guide at the Tower Bridge Exhibition I had a fair amount of duties, roles and responsibilities which was based on the nucleus o f customers and their safety along with their well being which meant constantly layting in that respect needs and requirements first at all times. Furthermore, that meant me providing exceptional customer service and care at all times and making sure that the customers visit was as enjoyable and pleasant as humanly possible. With that in mind I would clear to posses a certain degree of knowledge regarding the bridge and the local vicinity.I would also be involve to have a competent train of expertise relating to the bridges history, construction and design most notably for whenI am positioned inside the bridge and doing a position that entails doing speeches regularly. For positions like theseI must convey clear and precise information to the customers so that they are made aware of the process inside the bridge. In appurtenance,I would also need to be fully aware of all the processes of the bridge if say at that place was a fire or an evacuationI would have to be mindful of the correct drills and steps that needed to be taken in order for a safe and secure evacuation to be achieved for all customers especially the disabled, elderly and those in a wheelchair. My duties included maintaining a mellow level of security for both the visitors and the exhibition items as well as always being on hand and available to interact and engage with visitors should they need or require any assistance or help from me at any stage during there visit. Moreover, if they had a query or wanted further information close to the or the area.Management StructureA business structure is very important and every organization has its own structure. A company such Tower Bridge organizational structure is a graded with a concept of subordination of entities that collaborate and contribute to serve one common aim. Most of the staff in Tower Bridge are all in the front office dealing the member of public and tourist, some have more interaction such as the Ticket Office and Customer Care Guides.The mangersTower Bridge uses a functional structure which has the advantage of being easy to understand. The chain of command requires that an employee rear end report to one or more managers, but one manger such as Andy Nicholson, typically has more authority over the employee than their other manager(s). In Tower Bridge there are cardinal mangers one exhibition manager and two assistant managers. Having this structure means having layers of management that control the company by maintaining a extravagantly level of authority, with the power to make decisions denoteing business activities. Employees such as customer care guide have limited authority to carry something out without former approval. This organizational structure tends to focus on top-down management, whereby executives at the top communicate by telling middle managers, who then tell first level mangers, who then tell the staff what to do and how to do it. A limited number of employees report to a mana ger, who then reports to the next management level, and so on up to the Bridge Master or Tower Bridge Director.The managers needs to be responsible for motivating the staffs and ensuring that any formal systems and practices that are in place are not undermined in anyway. In theory the managers at Tower Bridge are responsible for the business performance, as well as maintaining high standards of service and health and safety.A functional structure of Tower Bridge can be illustrated by the following diagramThe Managers are responsible for arrangement shifts for their staff, creating promotional events and discount offers, deal with customer complaints, motivating staff, ensuring that staffs have the right field uniforms, greeting customers and organising table reservations.PEST AnalysisPoliticalPolitical factors that may scratch the ability of Tower Bridge to operate include government and City of London polices. In fact it seems unlikely that these will force adversely on the at traction in the immediate forthcoming confiden its high profile and historic status. Cuts in public expenditure may lead to higher gate prices and less staff running the exhibition. As the government new-made decision to cut funding to Visit Britain by 18% has big consequences for all London Attractions most specifically the smaller attractions such as Tower Bridge Exhibition who relay heavily on its services. Flight and bed taxes could deter visitors forward from the city. Terrorism threats threaten the entire London tourism industry.TechnologyWith more people using the internet, Tower Bridge Exhibitions will have to review its original website, as currently ticket purchases are too complicated. Advancements in ICT have meant that statistical data on tourist trends is now simpler to collect and more soft accessible through websites such as Visit Britain. Tower Bridge still has old and new technology some of the original hydraulic machinery is still remain as exhibition in the engine room nowadays they use electro-hydraulic drive that open the bridge up.EconomicThe main external forces (macro surround factors) that affect Tower Bridge Exhibition are economic and social factors. London is perceived to be an expensive place to visit, so the exhibition will need to provide better value for money. This is possible as at currently utilises only one third of available space. It will need to necessitate joint promotions with other attractions. Changes in interest rates at home cause fluctuations in disposable income meaning leisure activities are often put on hold, exchange rates and the strong pound against the dollar has seen a smaller spend per person from the important American market.SocialTower Bridge Exhibition relies heavily on family groups, so a decline in traditional family set ups will require Tower Bridge to re-think its family tickets prices. Over the recent historic period are has been a changes in holiday patterns with people now preferring ci ty breaks and long weekends. Terrorist attacks also cause fluctuations in the market with people tone for safer destinations.SWOT AnalysisStrengthThe business philosophy is not just round making money but emphasizes on educating and informing the public (particularly unfledged people). On the towers walkways, there is a great view of London similar to the Millennium Wheel but not as detailed or exciting. Furthermore, on a positive note, this particular zone is free of congestion charge, which allows people to freely enjoy their journey over the bridge. Although the bridge is funded by the City of London council, it also makes a reasonable income by hiring the venue in the evenings for special occasions.WeaknessAlthough it is an indoor attraction with a large view of London, a visit to Tower Bridge depends on the last because the best sights are not always available due to the fact of the unpredictable British climate, for instance, on a rainy or overcast day, the views from the bridge can be very poor and distorted which could result in unhappy customers. What is more, London is an all-year-round destination so major attractions are not seasonal. Due to the fact Britain has such unpredictable weather, people usually carry sunglasses and umbrella because they never know what the weather can be like. This could have a bad effect and lead to a bad experience when coming to visit Tower Bridge on an unpleasant day. Firstly, the entrance to Tower Bridge Walkways is confusing for tourists who are unfamiliar with the area as there are no clear signs pointing in the right direction. Also, the journey to Tower Bridge is quite complicated if you have no knowledge of its whereabouts and may get lost. In addition, it is not pedestrian friendly as there tends to be lots of traffic and congestion upon entering the bridge. Secondly, in my opinion their main website is unappealing which doesnt help to attract or interest people into visiting Tower Bridge. This apparent wea kness and flaw could have a bad impact on tourists who have never been to London, as the websites layout and structure does not represent or give Tower Bridge an acceptable status (more life and colour in the graphics required to attract online interest). On the other hand, their website has easy access to variant links that also caters to childrens needs such as fun packs for childrens discovery which is fun as well as being educational at the same time. Furthermore, to add to criticism the historical building needs substantial refurbishment to help increase the volume of visitors. Although people are aware that it is a bridge, some people are afraid of heights and may feel unsafe or in danger. Moreover, although the lengths of the walkways are reasonably lengthy, it is quite narrow and may have an affect on those who are claustrophobic. Security measures are paramount for one of the worlds most famous tourist attraction. When entering the Tower there is a single stage of security that visitors must pass through. Once their body has been examined and their belongings are counteract they are allowed to enter the walkway but it doesnt mean the security level is up to standards. Reportedly, there have been cases where people have entered the building then proceeding through the security check in order to commit suicide. Fortunately, this has not changed peoples views to visit the attraction because any potential suicide incidents have been prevented. In reality, when the bridge does have a plan lift this results in a hold up of traffic. It is found that An estimated 38,000 vehicles use the bridge each day, pushing it to capacity during peak hours. This results in many delays for many people, who may decide to take an alternative route to avoid the traffic queues. Likewise, Extra traffic is expected to increase impact damage to the extremities which flex under traffic loads. This could mean that traffic queues are causing damage to the structure of the bridge, which may have a long term affect on the bridge. What is more, it is say that these measures are expected to increase congestion either side if the bridge, adding to delays caused when it opens for shipping. Last year Tower Bridge lifted 925 times. In my opinion, was this necessary?OpportunitiesGlobal advertizement could possibly result in an increase in the volume of visitors as many foreigners are unaware of a bridge that opens and this may be an captivating feature to witness in person. Perhaps due to the recession peoples lifestyles are changing, rather than individuals coming to the Tower Bridge they could engage in some promotion and coupons like the two for the price of one, children of the age of under 12 go in for free etc. Other attractions could work together with Tower Bridge rather than competing with them. They could cater for more languages by enhanced displays for overseas visitors such as Europeans and Asians. Provision of tour guides could be encouraged. Even t hough it is a self-guided exhibition they could offer a guided tour within the ticket price would encourage more visitors and may enhance the quality of the experience. Additionally, they should provide reasonable appointment to facilitate for people who have disabilities. Due to the fact of the economic crisis the value of the pound has decreased. This is good news for the overseas visitors because of the currency exchange rates. In years to come the growth of tourism will increase despite the recession London will generate tourist revenue from the 2012 Olympic games to be held in this city. This will boost and soar the volume of visitors in the capital.ThreatThe biggest threat to Tower Bridge is any potential terrorist attack perhaps of more concern is that there is no security check when going through the bridge and anyone is allowed to walk along the bridge. On the other hand, Tower Bridge is surrounded by a high level of competition with other tourist attractions equally famou s like the Tower of London. In spite of the fact that other attractions backup each other it is possible that Tower Bridge will lose out due to the fact that it is less appealing. The economic downturn could have an impact on peoples lifestyles and their finances. Another way of viewing this is that the recession has changed our way of life. Culturally and socially people may prefer doing simple things like taking a walk in the park, instead of expensive vacations. After all a large proportion of overseas visitors come to visit the Tower Bridge. As a result this recession could have an significant effect resulting in a decrease of the number of visitors. In conclusion, it could be said that the current service could continue unchanged. The inherent advantages of location, history and unique appearance will service the attraction well in the future. However, improvements could also be considered namely a more beautiful website, cater for different languages, refurbishment of the w alkways. The main threats for the future are economic downturn and limited attractiveness to a young audience.Reflection workings in Tower Bridge has taught me a number of things about how tourist attractions operate in the market and what factors lead to an attractions success. Even though my time at the Tower Bridge consisted of 400 hours work experience I still had to go through the same procedures as I would if I were applying for a permanent job. I was interviewed by Andy Nicholson who gave me a fair amount of information regarding the history of bridge and what they offer to the public. Even through the interview lasted over 3 hours it was very perceptive and useful to me. I gained a lot of knowledge about Tower Bridge and its surroundings. When I started work it was the beginning of the Easter holidays. I didnt get any training at first except on how to use a radio. I was thrown in at the deep end for the first three days as I didnt know much but I guess that is the best way to learn. After a few days I was formally introduced to other members of staff and my official training started. The assistant manager gave me the correct uniform as there are different ones to wear for different positions. I was given a full guided tour and met all the security staff, the maintenance department and human resources. I was shown all the emergency exits as well as all the other exits and where to meet if we had to be evacuated.I was given a radio with my own personal identification which was uniform 13 which enabled me to communicate with other members of staff via the radio.After that I undertook three days of shadowing a full time tour guide and I was also given a big pack of information about Tower Bridge. I learnt 4 different speeches plus aborts and general information of the history of London. A big plus point for me was that I was given the chance to get to know the surroundings and I spent a couple of days visiting other tourist attractions such as the Tower of London, St Pauls Cathedral and the Tate Modern gallery. I thought this was very helpful to me. After 1 week of shadowing and intensive reading I was finally ready to work on my own. My first position was to operate the north lift which takes the customers to the high level walkways and to give them instructions on what to do when they got up there. I did this a few times before trying out the other roles and positions. In total there are 8 positions, 1-3 are working in the lifts and the towers and the customer service areas. The only negative point about this aspect of the job is that it can become very repetitious.Position 4 and 5 involve working in the gift shop next to the Victorian Engine Room. I was lucky to have this experience and to be till trained. Working in the shop has a lot of responsibilities, not only dealing with money and providing customer service, throughout the day youre on your own and this can be quite stressful. There are many duties working at the shop in the morning before opening up, you are required to do a number of duties making sure that there are enough products on the shelf and that these are neatly presented, sharp whats not available and whats low on stock so it can be ordered in, cash up the money for the till etc. Working in the gift shop can be pleasant but the only difficult issue that I faced was dealing with several customers at the same time. The gift shop is quite a small and confined area and it is where customers exit from the Exhibition. Insome casesan unsatisfied customer will use his time in the gift shop to vent his frustrations and whoever is currently occupying the shop position is usually the one that is on the other end of the brunt of the customers fury. In addition to this, in most if not all the cases of a customer who was not completely happy with there visit and experience and demand a retort or if a technical malfunction occurs to any of the penny press machines then it is at the gift shop where al l of the would be resolved.Positions 6, 7 and 8 are what the company refers to as footfall enticement. These duties are intensive and consist of you dealing with customers at the front of the ticket office who are visiting the Tower Bridge Exhibition or are just walking pass as well as giving out general information about the bridge. I think the footfall position is a crucial role as it represents the Tower Bridge image and they are the first staff and port of contact to interact with the customers before they enter the exhibition. Throughout my work placement I have undertaken a fair amount of footfall and my view upon it is that it can be quite enjoyable. The only downside is that the footfall is an all year position which I think is unfortunate because Tower Bridge is on the river it can very windy and during autumn and winter it can be very cold. I did a few footfalls in April and even so it was extremely cold for me to pull through and for someone to do this position you have to be mentally and physically strong. I dont think people should have to work 8 hours away in such cold conditions most notably during winter times and I think they should use the footfall personnel to go onto the walkways to give talks about the bridge and have one at the gift shop for assistance as the shop can get very busy and hectic at times.After 200 hours I was given the opportunity to work at the depositary. My job role was to give out leaflets to those who completed the 311 steps and give design talks about this famous landmark. I had a lot fun working there because it was a more intimate setting than the bridge so you got to talk and engage more with your work colleagues. It also meant that you couldimmerse yourself more in depth with the visitors and ask them more about their visit to the capital and how long they were intending on staying and where they were originally from. There is so much history written into the Monumentwhich is intertwined with the Great Fire of London so for me to work there and to be a part of it was a good experience which contributed to my enjoyment there.In terms of organization and structure there is much to change and develop. What surprised me is that staffs do not really work together and in some ways work in isolation from each other which seems inefficient and ineffective. There tends to be a gap and divide between the permanent staff who have been employed there for many years and the temporary staff such as myself.ConclusionOverall working at Tower Bridge has been a good learning experience for me. Like any other job there will always be positives and negatives but in some ways the work has provided some unique insights. I think Tower Bridge and the Monument are very successful tourist attractions for the reasons stated previously and there is no reason why it should not continue to prosper in the future with the right investment and a culture of continuous improvement. Many people who work at Tower Bridge have provided years of dedicated service for a prolonged period of time. Tour guides, ticket office, managers, security and maintenance people have worked their for a long time. A large proportion of them are 40 plus in age which is a change for me because it is the first time I have come across a situation like that. I think I have picked up some of their characteristics and learnt a lot from their experiences of being at Tower Bridge.On the whole I had a great experience and I would highly recommend it to other students who are interested in the tourist industry or those people who like history. proscribed of all the places I have worked in previously I can honestly say that this was the most interesting job and role that I have ever experienced. The majority of the staff I built and formed a relationship with not only as work colleagues but as friends outside working hours.

Marketing - The Pet Food Market Essay -- Business Management Studies

7. Carry out a SWOT analysis for this market with all inclusionsreferenced to the information source.STRENGTHThe increasing brain of people regarding the health of theirpets leads to a focus on nutritious food which helps increasing thelife span of their beloved animals. This benefits the pet foodindustry greatly as it leads to increased demand and allowsmanufacturers to set their prices for selected products at a upliftedlevel. (PFMA)Increased competition has lead to greater effort for developing newproducts in order to meet customers demand. Therefore a lot of moneyhas been put into Research and Development strategies, stimulatingtechnical progress in this industry. (Mars, 2003)Scientific prove about the increased life of pets eating healthyand high quality food is well known amongst the people.Supermarkets offering own-brand pet foods, thus contributing tocompetition. (Ciao, 2004)proprietor of pets gain health benefits, encouraging people to hold a petWEAKNESSLarge, established companies such as Masterfoods, Nestl and P&G may fold competition and prevent smaller firms from entrance.Some companies are reluctant to improve packaging and introducing moreenvironmental-friendly production processes for financial reasons.Limited advertisement on high street, where pet owners are likely tonotice it and get known to the benefits of the productLimited product range, not enough variation satisfying the cus...

Reptiles :: essays research papers

Reptiles are vertebrate, or backb integrityd animals constituting the class Reptilia and are characterized by a combination of features, none of which alone could separate all reptiles from all other animals.The characteristics of reptiles are numerous, therefore can not be explained in great detail in this report. In no special found, the characteristics of reptiles are cold-bloodedness the presence of lungs direct development, without larval forms as in amphibians a dry skin with scales but not feathers or hairsbreadth an amniote egg internal fertilization a three or four-chambered heart two aortic arches (blood vessels) carrying blood from the heart to the body, unlike mammals and birds that only have one a metanephric kidney twelve pairs of cranial nerves and skeletal features such as limbs with usually five clawed fingers or toes, at least two spinal anaesthesia bones associated with the pelvis, a single ball-and-socket connection at the head-neck joint instead of two, as in advanced amphibians and mammals, and an incomplete or complete partition on the roof of the mouth, separating the food and air pass sequenceways so that breathing can continue while food is being chewed. These and other traditional defining characteristics of reptiles have been subjected to goodish modification in recent times. The out(p) flying reptiles, called pterosaurs or pterodactyls, are today thought to have been warm-blooded and covered with hair. Also, the dinosaurs are also now considered by many authorities to have been warm-blooded. The earliest known bird, archaeopteryx, is now regarded by many to have been a small dinosaur, despite its covering of feathers The extinct ancestors of the mammals, the therapsids, or mammallike reptiles, are also believed to have been warm-blooded and haired. Proposals have been made to reclassify the pterosaurs, dinosaurs, and certain other groups out of the class Reptilia into one or more classes of their own. The class Reptilia is div ided into 6 to 12 subclasses by different authorities. This includes living and extinct species. In addition, a number of these subclasses are solely extinct. The subclasses contain about 24 orders, but only 4 of these are still represented by living animals.Of the living orders of reptiles, two arose earlier than the age of reptiles, when dinosaurs were dominant. Tuataras, of the order Rhynchocephalia, are found only on New Zealand islands, whereas the equally ancient turtles, order Chelonia, occur nearly worldwide. The order Crocodilia emerged along with the dinosaurs. Snakes and lizards, order Squamata, are today the most numerous reptile species.