Wealth of U.S. Presidents List and Details

If you want to be president, you dont have to have a college degree or even be born on American soil. Youve only got to be 35-years-old and a ​natural-born citizen of the United States. Oh, yeah: You also need to have money. Lots of money. Related Story: Who Was the Poorest U.S. President? No, thats not spelled out in the U.S. Constitutions requirements to be president.  But its become a fact of American political life.  Almost every modern president has been a millionaire at the time he was elected to the White House. Why Money Matters Why do you have to be rich to be president? You need money to raise money, first. You need money to be able to take time off work to campaign, second. And you need money to taken seriously, third.   Related Story: What is a Country Club Republican? Larry Sabato, the director of the University of Virginias Center for Politics, told National Public Radios the protojournalist in 2013: Wealth has always been a major qualifying factor for the presidency. It gives you access to the other rich people who fund campaigns, the status to seek high office, the extra time necessary for an all-consuming quest, and freedom from the everyday concerns that keep most people occupied. Thus has it always been, thus ever will it be. Wealth of 5 Modern Presidents Heres a look at five modern presidents and their net worth at the time of their election. Barack Obama  Ã¢â‚¬â€ The Democratic former U.S. senator was worth an estimated  $3,665,505 at the time of his election in 2008, according to the Center for Responsive Politics, a nonpartisan Washington, D.C., watchdog group. Obama listed assets worth between $1,416,010 and $5,915,000 in his personal financial disclosure for that year.  George W. Bush  Ã¢â‚¬â€ The Republican former Texas governor, who started his own oil company and owned a major league baseball team, was worth an estimated  $11 million to $29 million at the time of his election in 2000, according to The New York Times. The newspaper noted that Bushs assets made him one of the wealthiest presidents in decades.Bill Clinton  Ã¢â‚¬â€ The Democratic former Arkansas governor estimated his and eventual First Lady Hillary Clintons net worth at  $700,000 when he was elected in 1992. Clinton later told  NBC’s Meet the Press that:  I think I had the lowest net worth of any American president in the 20th century when I took office.  George H.W. Bush  Ã¢â‚¬â€ The Republican vice president and former oilman was worth $2.1 million when he was elected in 1988. As The New York Times noted: Because of Vice President Bushs bearing, his privileged upbringing and his years in the oil business in Texas, he is often perceived as a man of great wealth.  Ronald Reagan  Ã¢â‚¬â€ The Republican former Hollywood actor was worth $4 million when he was elected to the White House in 1980.      Wealth of 2016 Presidential Candidates It appears the trend of electing millionaire presidents will continue in the 2016 election. Each of the candidates and likely candidates  for 2016  is worth at least $1 million and likely much more, according to personal financial disclosures. Related Story:  A Guide to Money in Politics For example: Hillary Clinton, a former U.S. senator and secretary of State under President Barack Obama, is worth at least $5.2 million.  Ted Cruz, a Republican U.S. senator from Texas who announced his candidacy in March 2015, is worth an estimated $3.2 million.Jeb Bush, a former Florida governor and next in line in the Bush political dynasty, is believed to be worth at least $1.3 million and likely much more.

How Nurses Can Influence Legislature, The Political Issue...

The process in which a bill becomes a law is long, difficult, and trying. Nurses have unique strengths that make them valuable resources for lawmakers. It is the responsibility of nurses to understand the legislative process and how their influence affects it. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the legislative process, how nurses can influence legislature, the political issue of childhood immunizations, and my opinion on the issue. Part 1 The Legislative Process Health policies, whether allocative or regulatory, are presented, debated, and decided on through the legislative process. It is the responsibility of all nurses to understand the many steps to this process, recognize problems that require attention, and know how they are able to influence the decision making process (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2014). The required steps for a bill to become a law include: introduction, committee consideration, floor scheduling, House and Senate consideration, difference resolution, and Presidential action. Only after successful passage through all steps can a bill be delivered for submission into public law. In order for a bill to be considered, it must first be supported and introduced by a member or the House or Senate. In order to for a nurse to have an issue presented, her or she must first find a representative to sponsor the bill and persuade as many members as possible to agree to cosign it. Lobbying, or advocating for these issues, can be done through face-to-faceShow MoreRelatedNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagescommittee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. 65815 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project. International Standard Book NumberRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesIV-6 The Challenges of Local System Design for Multinationals: The MaxFli Sales Force Automation System at BAT CASE STUDY IV-7 Meridian Hospital Systems, Inc.: Deciding Which IT Company to Join CASE STUDY IV-8 Mary Morrison’s Ethical Issue Seventh Edition Managing Information Technology Carol V. Brown Howe School of Technology Management, Stevens Institute of Technology Daniel W. DeHayes Kelley School of Business, Indiana University Jeffrey A. Hoffer School of Business

Smu Mb0044 Sem 2 2013 Solved Free Essays

Q1. State the important considerations for locating an automobile plant. A1. We will write a custom essay sample on Smu Mb0044 Sem 2 2013 Solved or any similar topic only for you Order Now Automobile plant automated flaw lines, automatedassembly lines, flexible manufacturing systems, global transition rapid prototyping. Building manufacturing flexibility things are necessity. About the automated flow lines we can say it is a machine which is linked by a transfer system which moves the parts by using handling machines which are also automated, we have an automated flow line. Human intervention ma is needed to verify that the operations ate taking place according to standards. When these cab be achieved with the help of automation and the processes are conducted with self regulation, we will have automated flow lines established. In fixed automation or hard automation, where one component is manufactured using services operations and machines it is possible to achieve this condition. We assume that product life cycles are sufficiently stable to interest heavily on the automate flow lines to achieve reduces cast per unit. Product layouts ate designed so that the assembly tasks are performed in the sequence they are designed at each station continuously. The finished item came out at the end of the line. In automated assembly lines the moving pallets move the materials from station to station and moving arms pick up parts, place them at specified place and system them by perusing, riveting, crewing or even welding. Sensors will keep track of there activities and move the assembles to the next stage. The machines are arranged in a sequence to perform operations according to the technical requirements. The tools are loaded, movements are effected, speeds controlled automatically without the need for worker’s involvement. The flexibility leads to better utilization of the equipments. It reduces thenumbers of systems and rids in reduction of investment as well as a space needed to install them. One of the major cancers of modern manufacturing systems is to be able to respond to market Demands which have uncertainties. Prototyping is a process by which a new product is developed in small number so as to determine the suitability of the materials, study the various methods of manufactured, type of machinery required and develop techniques to over come problems that my be encountered when full scale manufacture is undertaken. Prototypes do meet the specification of the component that enters a product and performance can be measured on these. It helps in con be reforming the design and any shortcomings can be rectified at low cost. Flexibility has three dimensions in the manufacturing field. They are variety, volume and time. There demands will have to be satisfied. In that sense they become constraints which restrict the maximization of productivity. Every business will have to meet the market demands of its various products in variety volumes of different time. Flexibility is also needed to be able to develop new products or make improvements in the products fast enough to cater to shifting marker needs. Manufacturing systems have flexibility built into them to enable organization meet global demand. You have understood how the latest trends in manufacturing when implemented help firms to stay a head in business Q2. Explain essentials of Project Management Philosophy A1. Project Management Philosophy A project never goes smooth. It brings unexpected problems during the execution of any phase that marks a difference between the planned activities and actual executions. The deviations enforce re-planning of further activities so that the extra budget and time spent on previous activities can be compensated by revised project plan. A loser is a loser only when he realizes it and gives up. As long as one thinks he has the capability of changing lose situation to a winning situation, he is never a loser. Project management philosophy emphasizes on sharing the problems with all stakeholders and team members so that different brains come out with different responses and any of the response(s) can become the best solution(s). Challenge sharing definitely brings out a solution from somebody else having a different set of experience and exposure who has already been into such a situation and has come out of it already. Sharing problems and challenges saves one from re-inventing the wheel. Documentation sharing and a knowledge sharing platform make a strong basis for keeping all on the same wheel. Managers mostly focus on driving out results from the teams rather than enabling and empowering them to become self driven. Energy flows automatically and uncontrolled. Results start coming out without reaching the deadlines and prior to demand. It depends on managers that by empowerment they start preparing or building leaders within the teams. A combination of leaders, if synergized properly, propels a resultant progress of the project. Managers become critical key in engaging people in the project. A high level of engagement is lodged in the team members via project manager. As long as the project manager is able to drive teams, it makes them engaged to the project. On the other hand if project manager inculcates and inspires team members to self-engage themselves, the team members do not depend to be driven by project manager. Q3. Several different strategies have been employed to assist in aggregate planning. Explain these in brief A3. Planning is a primary management responsibility. Aggregate planning is concerned with organizing the quantity and timing of production over a medium period of time up to eight to ten months with undetermined demand. Specifically aggregate planning means combining all of an organization`s resources into one aggregate production schedule for a predetermined intermediate time period. The objective of aggregate planning is to maximize esources while minimizing cost over the planning period. The aggregate production plan is midway between short-range planning and long-range planning. Aggregate planning includes the following factors: 1. Work force size and composition 2. Demand forecasts and orders 3. Raw material planning 4. Plant capacity management 5. Utilizing outside subcontractors 6. Inventory management Aggregate planning is the link between short-term scheduling and long -term capacity planning. What are aggregate planning strategies? There are three types of aggregate planning strategies: Pure Strategy. In this strategy, only one production or supply factor is changed. Mixed Strategy. This strategy simultaneously alters two or more production or supply factors or some combination. Level Scheduling. This strategy has been adopted by the Japanese and it embodies maintaining constant monthly production schedules. What aggregate planning strategies influence demand? Aggregate planning can influence demand in the following ways: 1. Pricing strategies. Pricing can be used to increase or reduce demand. All things being equal, increasing prices reduces demand while lowering prices will increase demand. . Advertising and promotion strategies. Advertising and promotion are pure demand management strategies in that they can increase demand by making a product or service better known as well as positioning it for a particular market segment. 3. Delayed deliveries or reserving orders. Managing future delivery schedules is a strategy for managing orders when demand exceeds capacity. The net effec t of delayed deliveries, or back ordering, and reservations is to shift demand to a later period of time, often to a more slack period, which provides a smoothing effect for overall demand. However, the negative is that a percentage of orders will be lost as consumers are unwilling or unable to wait the additional amount of time. 4. Diversifying the product mix. Product mix diversification is a method used to offset demand seasonality. For example, a lawn mower manufacturing company may diversify into snow removal equipment to offset the seasonality of the lawn mower industry. What aggregate planning strategies influence supply? Aggregate planning is also used to manage supply considerations by using the following strategies: 1. Subcontracting (outsourcing). Subcontracting is a method of increasing capacity without incurring large capital investment charges. It can turn the competitive advantage of other corporations to the contracting organization`s advantage. However, subcontracting can be costly, and also reveals part of the business to potential competitors. 2. Overtime and idle time. A direct short-term strategy for managing production capacity is to either increase or decrease the number of the work force. This strategy has the advantage of utilizing the currently existing work force. However, overtime is expensive and can produce job burnout if relied upon too extensively. On the other hand, enforcing idle time on the work force can result in resistance as well as a drop in morale. 3. Hiring and laying off employees. Hiring and laying off employees is a medium- to long-term strategy for increasing or decreasing capacity. Hiring employees usually involves the cost of training while laying off employees can incur severance charges. Laying off employees can also cause labor difficulties with unions and reduce morale 4. Stockpiling inventory. Accumulating inventory is a strategy for smoothing variances which may occur between demand and supply. 5. Part-time employees. Certain industries have seasonal requirements for lower skilled employees. Aggregate planning can be used to manage these seasonal requirements. What is the charting method of aggregate planning? Charting is a highly utilized trial-and-error aggregate planning method. It is relatively simple to use and is easily understood. Essentially, the charting approach uses a few variables in forecasting demand, applying current production capacity. While the charting method does not assure an accurate prediction, it is simple to implement requiring only minimal calculations. But trial and error method does not provide an optimal solution. The charting method requires five steps to implement: 1. Calculate each period`s demand. 2. Calculate each period`s production capacity for regular time, overtime, and subcontracting. 3. Determine all labor costs including costs for hiring and layoffs as well as the cost of holding inventory. 4. Evaluate organizational employee and stock policies. . Create optional policies and evaluate their costs. EXAMPLE 1. 30 A Florida men`s suit manufacturer has created expected demand forecasts for the period June-January, as shown in Table 1. 2. The daily demand is calculated by dividing the total expected demand by the number of monthly working days: AVERAGE DEMAND = TOTAL EXPECTED DEMAND / NUMBER OF PRODUCTION DAYS FIGURE 1. 6 MONTHLY AND AVERAGE MEN`S SUIT DEMAND The graph in Figure 1. 6 illustrates that there is a substantial variance between the monthly and average men`s suit demand. What are the costs of aggregate planning? Aggregate planning is a systems methodology having major organizational impacts. Every strategy has associated costs and benefits. Increasing hiring means increasing training costs and incurring associated employment benefit costs. Increasing inventory increases carrying costs consisting of capital and storage costs, deterioration, and obsolescence. Using part-time employees involves the costs and risks of using improperly trained and inexperienced personnel as well as creating possible union conflicts. Using subcontractors has the cost of exposing an organization to potential competitors. EXAMPLE 1. 31 Using the data in example 1. 30, it is possible to develop cost estimates for the men`s suit manufacturer. Basically, the manufacturer has three choices: 1. The manufacturer can meet expected monthly production fluctuations by varying the work force size, hiring and laying off employees as needed. In this scenario, an assumption is made that the men`s suit manufacturer has a constant staff of 55 employees. 2. Another alternative is to maintain a constant work force of 51 employees and subcontract for additional expected demand. 3. A third alternative is to maintain a work force of 69 employees and store suits during the slack demand months. Organizational Costs THREE PLAN SUMMARY COSTS In this example, the best production plan is plan 3 which maintains a work force of 69 employees and stores men`s suit inventory during low demand months. Q 5: Explain the basic competitive priorities considered while formulating operationsstrategy by a firm? Answer: Operations strategy reflects the long-term goals of an organisation in its corporate strategy,a clear understanding of the operating advantages and a good cross functional coordinationbetween functional areas of marketing, production, finance, and human resources departments arerequired. Operating advantages depend on its processes and competitive priorities considered whileestablishing the capabilities. The basic competitive priorities are: Cost, Quality, Time, Flexibility Cost: Cost is one of the primary considerations while marketing a product or a service. Being a lowcost producer, the product accepted by the customer offers sustainability and can outperformcompetitors. Lower price and better quality of a product will ensure higher demand and higherprofitability. To estimate the actual cost of production, the operations manager must addresslabour, materials, scrap generations, overhead and other initial costof design and development, etc. Quality: Quality is defined by the customer. The operations manager looks into two importantaspects namely high performance design and consistent quality. High performance design includessuperior features, greater durability, convenience to services, etc where as consistent designmeasures the frequency with which the product meets its design specifications and performs best. Time: Faster delivery time, on-time delivery, and speedy development cycle are the time factors thatoperations strategy looks into. Faster delivery time is the time lapsed between the customer orderand the delivery. On-time delivery is the frequency with which the product is delivered on time. Thedevelopment speed is the elapsed time from the idea generation up to the final design andproduction of products. Flexibility: Flexibility is the ability to provide a wide variety of products, and it measures how fast themanufacturer can convert its process line used for one product to produce another product afterWhile customisation is the ability of the firm to satisfy the specific needs of each its customer, thevolume flexibility is the ability to accelerate or decelerate the rate of production to handle thefluctuations in demand. For example, the production of fertilisers of different specifications andapplications. How to cite Smu Mb0044 Sem 2 2013 Solved, Papers

Value Management of Construction Projects †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Value Management of Construction Projects. Answer: Introduction: Ethical conduct is more closely related to the legal conduct even though they do not always overlap and leave ambiguity over more appropriate actions at some specific circumstances. However, this uncertainty can be decreased by designing proper organizations which encourage or motivates ethical behaviors. The factors which come into play, while taking ethics in the engineering and construction industries are visibility, reward systems and ethical training programs, which should be introduced in a positive manner (Kelly, Male and Graham 2014). In addition to this, the information and knowledge management mainly focuses on the data available. It deals with the unstructured as well as structured figures and facts. Moreover, technology is highly useful and beneficial in this aspect. It largely focuses on understanding, locating, encouraging and enabling by creating cultures, processes and environments where the knowledge and information are created or shared (Walker 2015). Apart than these factors, the common move for the recent graduates as well as career professionals is doing post graduate research training in building and construction. The building and construction management courses which are offered in institutions help the students in developing their professional contacts as well as building their practical skills. It usually involves field trips and site visits; thus, giving the students the opportunity of putting theories into practice. The regulatory control design in construction management has a major effect on the performances of Model Predictive Control, which must not be ignored. Regulations are considered to be an ever growing feature of modern days. Therefore, for the professionals working in some specific industries like construction, management, finance and others, regulations assist in shaping each and every decision (Kelly, Male and Graham 2014). References Kelly, J., Male, S. and Graham, D., 2014.Value management of construction projects. John Wiley Sons. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Arsenal Football Club Essay Example

Arsenal Football Club Essay Singled out is Martina Navratilova, who had twenty-two advisers on board at one point, look where see got. This though a freak occasion, or pure talent, or a valuable well-organised team effort through her entourage?  Glenn Hoddle and his England team have a whole host of coaches making up their team, a nutritionist, fitness instructors, doctors, the works, it seems to work for them too, though these are clearly at the higher end of the scale somewhat. Alma Thomas, a sports psychologist by trade, says, that her role is not to interfere but to aid and support and try not to be seen as an intruder in the coach/athlete relationship. (adapted from Coaching Focus 35 p12) She also explains how she should fit in with the athletes programme, not the other way round.  There have been alternatives suggestions to what we should do to progress. But the way forward seems to indicate a handful in particular. Train the coaches, educate the coaches, set standards, (so that external team coaches are unnecessary). With the range of abilities across the coaching spectrum varying, it would seem wise that a programme of coaching education is the key step forward in order to achieve this kind of set standard. We will write a custom essay sample on Arsenal Football Club specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Arsenal Football Club specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Arsenal Football Club specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This then should provide all coaches with relevant knowledge, it will educate them, and they will get to learn of the latest developments, which may be of use to them. Also they will learn to recognise, they will learn to know if or when they need outside help, when they feel its necessary.  Many believe and J.S. Clavert writes, there should be a move in order to provide more full-time courses, leading to sports coaching qualifications across the country. Arsene Wenger, the current Arsenal Football Club manager, is an example of how coaches can be educated, he is knowledgeable in the field of nutrition and exercise physiology, via his knowledge and experience has many clear changes to some of the Arsenal regime.  With regards to education, Claverts has identified one such institution who does just this, The Dumfermline College of Physical Education, in Scotland, they offer courses which,  prepares coaches for high-level coaching and positions of responsibility within coaching, by providing them with the necessary knowledge, skills and professional expertise. This is just one example, more institutions, courses, such as this will be crucial in the role of education.  Many of our present coaches are either ex- or even current school teachers, or former players, athletes themselves. Many dont have the relevant skills required to guide performers to the very top, thats why Geoff Cooke, suggests a multi-discipline of team coaches, but with a coach education programme, this would reduce the need for such an approach somewhat.  Sue Campbell puts forward that, in the future most countries will have a national education system for coaches, this hopefully will ensure coaches obtain a required standard of competence. It must be noted that coaching education doesnt stop once youve graduated as such, but should be a continuing on going process, where the coach would go back for refreshers and new news.  Ideas for plans for a National, British Academy of Sport, to follow suit of that of the Australians are in developments, and is a long over due welcomed move.  Though in theory its sound, to suggest that coaches should or would be coaches, should attend relevant full-time courses, time is crucial to all of us, anyone who is willing to put the effort and time in, in order to be the best that they can will be looking for some kind of return, this return may well and is likely to be a career in the coaching field. How many coaches are full-time coaching professional presently? This then is yet another stepping stone which must be addressed, the coach as a professional. With the ever increasing change from amateurism to professionalism in our former amateur sports, this emphasises the way in which these sports are trying to raise their profile and performance. Nowadays with more and more professional performers in the so-called or former amateur sports for example athletics, surely then there is a need for more professional coaches as well, to work in turn with these people. Though Peter Treadwell (Senior Lecturer at S Glamorgan I of HE for PE), says, there is a danger as we strive for greater professionalism, that we run the risk of brutalising and demeaning athletes. So we must be cautious, and not try to run before we can walk.  John Lyle backs up the idea of education and professionalism when he says, we should clear the way for improved coach education, and professional development. He feels that these are the best options to move forwards. Another way forward as discussed is to have these partnerships between the coach and other specialised disciplines, though this is more practical at the elite end of the scale as previously mentioned, it must be managed effectively to work beneficially, (But with more highly qualified coaches through an education programme, it may not be so necessary.)  The feeling is that it is not realistic to believe that the coach will be educated competently enough in all the disciplines to be able to do without external help at times, one day, once weve got these highly qualified well educated, professionals with the national standard of coaching, would it almost eradicate the need for these helpers, but as mentioned the individual disciplines are branching out so fast it might be considered impossible then for just one coach to keep up especially in the pursuit of excellence. The practical way forward seems to suggest a combination of ingredients, add in some coaching education, and add with it a national standard, this can be done via courses, seminars etc. after this has settled down, add in a little bit of professionalism, (so coaches can dedicate all their time and focus on the one thing entirely), then if needed sprinkle together some partnerships with these specialised, knowledgeable experts in their separate disciplines. The evidence from the information Ive looked at seems to indicate that the way forwards in the development of excellence and for higher success rates and better performances in games medal tables etc.., as I would have to agree with Geoff Cooke, is the, team approach, partnerships are the key steps forwards in order to achieve excellence, but better still is the combination of the lot, (professionalism, education programmes, national standards) if and only if managed competently.

Free Essays on Driving Over The Age Limit

Driving Over the Age Limit The elderly should not be allowed to retain their licenses after reaching a certain age. The elderly have problems that can effect the safety of other motorists. Problems with sight, judgement, and reflexes can effect elderly motorists on a daily basis. Elderly drivers also lack the ability to judge the speed of on-coming traffic. These problems will not only effect the elderly drivers, they will effect motorists of all ages. To prevent harm to other motorists, companies like Acess-a-Ride are available as an alternative to driving for senior citizens. Elderly drivers should be forced to surrender their licenses at a certain age. As a licensed driver, you are expected to drive cautiously and be prepared to react quickly. Elderly drivers cause concern in this area because their reflexes are not as quick as younger drivers’ reflexes are. Elderly drivers lack the ability to maneuver around or past dangerous situations. Dangerous situations can occur anywhere while driving, on local streets or highways. Reflexes are important to have if another driver suddenly cuts off an elderly motorist, and they have to swerve or stop short to prevent a collision. In a situation where seconds could mean the difference between impact with another vehicle reflexes mean everything. Elderly drivers reflexes are an example of why the elderly should be lawfully forced to surrender their license at older ages when reflexes are not at their prime. Elderly drivers lack the necessary reflexes for a safe driving environment and should be required to re linquish their licenses. Elderly drivers should also be forced to surrender their licenses because of problems with their vision. The law requires that a driver must be able to see well with or without glasses, in order to drive safely. As elderly drivers become older, their vision diminishes greatly. Proper visual ability plays an important role in daily driving. Elderly driver... Free Essays on Driving Over The Age Limit Free Essays on Driving Over The Age Limit Driving Over the Age Limit The elderly should not be allowed to retain their licenses after reaching a certain age. The elderly have problems that can effect the safety of other motorists. Problems with sight, judgement, and reflexes can effect elderly motorists on a daily basis. Elderly drivers also lack the ability to judge the speed of on-coming traffic. These problems will not only effect the elderly drivers, they will effect motorists of all ages. To prevent harm to other motorists, companies like Acess-a-Ride are available as an alternative to driving for senior citizens. Elderly drivers should be forced to surrender their licenses at a certain age. As a licensed driver, you are expected to drive cautiously and be prepared to react quickly. Elderly drivers cause concern in this area because their reflexes are not as quick as younger drivers’ reflexes are. Elderly drivers lack the ability to maneuver around or past dangerous situations. Dangerous situations can occur anywhere while driving, on local streets or highways. Reflexes are important to have if another driver suddenly cuts off an elderly motorist, and they have to swerve or stop short to prevent a collision. In a situation where seconds could mean the difference between impact with another vehicle reflexes mean everything. Elderly drivers reflexes are an example of why the elderly should be lawfully forced to surrender their license at older ages when reflexes are not at their prime. Elderly drivers lack the necessary reflexes for a safe driving environment and should be required to re linquish their licenses. Elderly drivers should also be forced to surrender their licenses because of problems with their vision. The law requires that a driver must be able to see well with or without glasses, in order to drive safely. As elderly drivers become older, their vision diminishes greatly. Proper visual ability plays an important role in daily driving. Elderly driver...

Strategy for Introducing a New Product Research Paper

Strategy for Introducing a New Product - Research Paper Example The company has loyal customers in the market because of its persistence. Today, it is still a dominant player in the tea industry in most of its countries. Tetley is just about to introduce a new product into the market. However, before the launch, the company needs to establish whether the market will accept the new product. In addition, the company needs to identify the specific target in the market. This paper will examine the market trends in order to provide the answers to these issues. Tetley has had immense impact in the market. It is through their marketing strategies that they have managed to win a large market share. Through this therefore, the company owns the credit for innovating tea bags in the early 1900s although the venture came after accidental realization that tea bags were a possibility in packaging. The company has its roots in the United Kingdom where its founders started out venture. The company has posted growth in several other countries. Despite the competi tion that has grown over time as new entries in the tea industry, Tetley tea still dominates the United Kingdom market. Tetley group has several sister companies operating separately. The entire sister companies offer unique brands to the region in which they operate. In 2011, Tetley dominated the market achieving 24% retail value in Canada. Tea products had a retail growth value of 4%. The volume growth in the same year was 1 %. The Canadian market posted C$ 547 million. The Canadians prove to be a good market for tea. They easily try out new tea products with the right persuasion (Masterson and Pickton, 2010:85). Tetley’s products did well in the Canadian market with black tea special brand scooping a 44% share followed by green tea with 31% while standard black tea got 18 %, which was a one percent rise from 2010. In addition, the herbal tea and fruit ranges of products as well as the color therapy proved a real success in the Canadian market. Future prospects indicated a growth in tea sales by 2016. In the United Kingdom, tea prices recorded an increase in 2010. Black tea made more sales in the market though it portrayed minimal growth. Herbal and green tea exhibited more growth in the market because of the health benefits. 12% of total sales of tea were the herbal and green tea. Most of the sales of tea were to people above 65 years accounting for 88% of consumption. Tea consumption was relatively lower for the younger generation. Tea is receiving competition from other products among the younger generation and the 90% breakfast tea sales were going down. The trends in 2011 changed because of the campaigns on the benefits of tea. This year saw Unilever take a lead in the percentage of sales. In the United States of America, tea exhibited an increase in popularity in 2011 because of the increased awareness of tea benefits on health. Tea posted a growth of 2% reaching 72278 tonnes. In this market, Unilever was leading in the percentage of sales. The tea industry in America is likely to show a 10% growth by 2016. The healthier products such as herbal tea, iced tea, and fruit-varieties stand a chance to indicate growth because of the health benefits (Masterson and Pickton, 2010: 86). The Indian market trends portrays that black tea, the standard variety still dominates because of the Indian cultural and traditional set up (Pride et al, 2011:131).

Foundation of the League of Nations Research Paper

Foundation of the League of Nations - Research Paper Example The Covenant of the League of Nations consisted of short preambles that were developed for the major three objectives and it was drafted in Article 26 of the League of Nations. There were several articles drafted by the League of Nations to address the members regarding the conditions of members, admission and withdrawal, power, nature of the Council and Assembly (Institute for International Law and Justice, â€Å"The Covenant of the League of Nations†).   In case of the disputes between the members and the obligations, rules and regulations were amended and new articles were introduced. To practically apply the peace policy and maintain security, articles were drafted (Tufts University, â€Å"The Covenant of the League Of Nations†).   Success of the LeagueThere were no set standards in Europe before the World War I relating to the management of employed individuals. The League of Nations, in order to develop labor conditions globally with International Labor Organi zation, fixed maximum working hours per day and week. The member countries were specified to mention the minimum wages, benefits of employees and pensions. This step was known to be of great success for the League of Nations. The League was also successful in providing the first passport for the stateless refugees. This was known as the Nansen passport that was the identification of these people (Bowen, â€Å"Understanding International Relations†). The dispute between Finland and Sweden in 1920 regarding the Aaland Island was solved by the League. There were many islands between Sweden and Finland mid-way that generated conflicts between them. Germany and Poland had conflicts between them regarding the industrial area of Upper Silesia. In 1921, the League was successful in solving the conflict and

Stereotypes Versus Women Of All Ages Throughout Boob Tube Ads Essay

Stereotypes Versus Women Of All Ages Throughout Boob Tube Ads - Essay Example The truth is media is really a hand mirror where guild understands and automatically build up awareness in addition to routines. By far the most groundbreaking induction never to simply modifying awareness and also altering demeanor along with lifestyle with respect to press can be an advertisement (Alice as well as Johnson, age 14). The top, accurate, pernicious in addition to excessively influential these include the tv commercials. That is almost certainly given that tv set interests both the optical and ability to hear feelings to be able to effect into a mix of particularly influential emails which could probably create stereotypes associated with grammatical gender (Blain and McElroy 16). As a matter of fact, promoters are very well aware of this particular reality to a level they're able to adjust adverts in a fashion that powerfully stay in addition to pressure societal behavior dynamics. It really is nevertheless significant which television advertisement tends to sneakily d evelop a kinda mortifying, lowered and weak importance to fair sex (Maring 56). To help conclusively study this spread generalization against girls in media, enable’s explore forecasts of girls with regards to spouse and children, profession, political relation, enterprise, aroused counterbalance, sporting activities and also manual labor. The reason is, many of us assess these representations determined by a variety of issues with advertisement including the track record, item kind, and end feedback, argumentation of the advertisement, method involving presentment, prize kind, reliability time frame, area, but enthusiasm and also boiler suit political theory (Blain and McElroy 16). Resolution of the actual relativity theory involving these elements of idiot box advertising show wide-spread misrepresentations versus females.

Indias Relation with ASEAN

Indias Relation with ASEAN IMPLICATIONS ON INDIA 1.  General.  India and ASEAN share age old historical, cultural and economic ties. These relations stood the test of time till 1962 after which India somehow disengaged from South East Asia. India reinstituted its ‘Look East’ policy in 1992. This was necessitated due to the growing economic status of ASEAN nations as also security concerns of India in ASEAN region, which could be handled better with rejuvenated relations with the countries of the region and for this ASEAN’s coherence is in India’s vital national interest. Both traditional and non-traditional security concerns of ASEAN have direct or indirect bearing on the overall security of the region in general and India in particular. Traditional security concerns like nuclear proliferation, regional cooperation, balance of power and defense capabilities and non- traditional security concerns like financial collapse and domestic governance problems, both influence India’s, strategic position in the region as non traditional security concerns can lead to traditional security concerns. 2.  Chinas Influence. Increasing efforts of China to increase and expand its influence in the ASEAN region is a matter of grave concern to India, both economically and in the field of security. With ASEAN expanding to form ASEAN plus three coalitions ASEAN now includes China, South Korea and Japan has far reaching effects on Indian â€Å"Look East Policy†. The various effects of growing Chinese influence are: (a) Security regionalism in Asia, led by the ASEAN, is being severely tested by the growing intensity of the China’s territorial disputes with its maritime neighbors in the East and South China Seas. (b) China’s refusal to collectively engage ASEAN on South China Sea issue and its growing ability to wean away individual members of the organization underlines the dangers of the new dynamics in ASEAN. One outcome of this was annual meetings of ASEAN foreign ministers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, in July 2012, ended in political disarray over the question of territorial disputes in the South China Sea. For the first time in the history of the organization, ministers  failed to issue a joint statement, and many analysts have attributed this outcome to Beijing’s new ability to influence the internal dynamic in the ASEAN. These efforts of China to engage all ASEAN nations bilaterally may undermine the  strength of ASEAN which is contrary to Indian desires of strong ASEAN that can insulate SE Asia from any external interventions. (c)  Military Expansion. China has also increased its military influence in the South China Sea. The recent incursions of China into the Spartley islands and the Mischief Reef will affect India militarily. China will have far reaching influence in the area especially with Hong Kong and Macao already amalgamated into the peoples Republic of China. In the event of a confrontation between India and China, the latter would have greater influence in ASEAN region inversely affecting India’s security as well as regional and international standing. (d)  Economic Expansion. In todays globalised world economy and military capabilities of a nation are closely linked. China is fast emerging as an international economic force. Its influence on the ASEAN economies is considerable and growing. With the military expansion into ASEAN, China could harm India’s economic security. If relations between India and China deteriorate, a strong military presence of China in the South China Sea could severe Indian sea lines of communications in the region affecting trade with the countries of the region. China at the moment is concentrating on building its economic power and does not appear to have a military bearing in the region. It is trying to settle its disputes i.e. Spartley islands according to the laws of the sea, has withdrawn its naval forces from Senkaku islands and Mischief Reef, but the future could be very different which India needs to plan for and guard against. The straits of Malacca in South East Asia form a bottleneck on the maritime route to East Asia and Asia-Pacific region. (e)  The Burmese Connection. Burma or Myanmar, a member of ASEAN has important security implications for India. Myanmar is traditionally China’s close aide and is dependent on China for many of its economic and military needs. Chinas influence in Burma poses a security concern to India, more so because Myanmar and India share common land and sea borders. In the event of a China -India confrontation, China could use Myanmar land and sea areas for military action against India. China already, has established its bases in Myanmar to monitor India’s missile tests at Chandipur. Through Myanmar China could not only threaten India’s security from land but also from sea. With a pro-communist military government in Myanmar and its over-dependence on China India’s security interests are threatened. With Myanmar joining ASEAN and ARF, there is increased pressure to restore democracy and this would draw Myanmar away form its dependence on a communist China. 3.  Insurgency.  ASEAN is a region fraught with ethnic and communal insurgency problems. India faces similar problems in various parts of the country. Myanmar an ASEAN state has a sizeable border with Indian Eastern States. The near porous border is used by insurgents to move to and fro. The thick jungles in Myanmar form ideal bases for insurgents to hide and use these areas as launch pads for insurgent activity into India. After striking into India these insurgents slip into Myanmar making India’s tackling of this problem increasingly difficult. The linguistic and ethnic similarity of the people on both sides makes identification of insurgents extremely difficult. 4.  Terrorism. The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Centre and subsequent attacks in India are a tragic reminder that international terrorism does not respect national borders-and requires global[1] and regional solutions. The ASEAN region has more than 300 million Muslims, many of them supporting Muslim terrorist organizations like the Al-Qaeda. India is one of the most badly affected countries by terrorism. With close cultural and religious links between India and many ASEAN countries there is a danger of terrorism spreading to India from ASEAN nations, if it already has not happened. Since extradition treaties do not exist between India and these nations criminals committing crimes in India go unpunished after escaping to these nations. The internal security of India has already been affected on many occasions. Many Muslim terrorist organizations operating from ASEAN countries are spreading terrorism in India. These organizations having an international infrastructure with a common agenda could threaten India’s security if not controlled. 5.  Increasing Military Capability. In the present scenario the ASEAN nations do not have any military conflict areas with India . However, most of them have reasonably strong armed forces which are being further strengthened. Indonesia has recently acquired an aircraft carrier and Thailand, Vietnam and Myanmar have strong military capabilities. In future should a conflict arise between any ASEAN nations with India and considering the proximity to India’s Eastern waters as also the maritime trade routes, which India uses, it could be a security threat to India. 6. Weapons of Mass Destruction. Many strategic analysts consider Asia as a possible hot spot for nuclear confrontation. The only nuclear attack in Japan took place in the vicinity of ASEAN nations. Ever since, many Asian powers have developed overtly or covertly nuclear capabilities which could trigger a nuclear war in the region. China has the third largest nuclear arsenal in the world. With China’s common communist ideology with many ASEAN states nuclear proliferation of the region cannot be ruled out. A similar proliferation is possible to certain ASEAN Muslim nations through Pakistan. Another potential nuclear challenge resides in the Korean Peninsula, where North Korea now faces the need to either fish or cut bait with respect to its nuclear program. A North Korean nuclear capability would raise the stakes of war on the peninsula, and increase the pressure on Japan and South Korea to mount nuclear weapon programs of their own. All these above events, occurring in the Indi an backyard would threaten Indian security interest in the region. The latest nuclear and biological threat exists from terrorists. Since religious fundamentalism is predominant in various ASEAN states, the availability of such weapons of mass destruction with terrorists could become a serious issue of concern to India. 7.  Safety of SLOC’S.  Region of Bay of Bengal and Malacca Strait is very important to India as India’s strategic strength lies in this region, which has the potential to create vulnerability to China. Security of SLOCs and island territory is a concern but India is well poised to take care of this aspect. This is also an area of cooperation with ASEAN and Asia Pacific countries. The increasing importance of maritime trade and energy security for India has made it imperative to ensure the safety of Sea Lanes of Communication (SLOC’s) in Southeast Asia. Maritime piracy has large implications for security in the economic sphere and in the Malacca Straits, is a common threat to India and the ASEAN region. With India being dependent on sea ways for over 97 per cent of its global trade, the safety of sea lanes around the ASEAN region is of vital importance to India. India understands that a prosperous and stable ASEAN that safeguards vital sea lanes between the Indian and Pacific Oceans will serve its best interests. Coordination between India and ASEAN in safeguarding their shared marine environment and its resources, promoting the safety and security of navigation in their common ocean areas, and ensuring legitimate, peaceful and sustainable uses of the oceans, can contribute to both maritime development and maritime security in the region. 8.  US Withdrawal. With the withdrawal of US troops from strategic locations in the region following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the South East Asian countries deemed it appropriate to guard against Chinese influence by setting up vital sea-lanes of communications such as the Taiwan, Malacca, Sunda and Lombhok Straits. Accordingly, ASEAN countries justifiably perceive India, with the largest Naval forces in the Indian Ocean and nuclear capabilities, a strategic partner to balance China’s growing power in the region[2]. This should be looked by India as an opportunity to go closer to the ASEAN nations thereby assisting indirectly in regional stability. Indian economy is deeply intertwined with the economic future of ASEAN region and should regional stability be disturbed it would have a cascading effect on Indian economy in general and security in particular. 9.  US-ASEAN Re-engagement.  Three important developments that took place in South East Asia in 2010 have come to redefine the nature and dynamics of the region’s engagement with the United States the most powerful player in today’s international politics. First, in response to the Chinese designation of South China Sea as an area of ‘core national interest,’ the American Secretary of State, Hillary Rodham Clinton claimed free passage in the disputed area as America’s ‘national interest.’ Second, the US, in order to influence the trajectories of ASEAN-driven cooperative processes, became a member of the East Asia Summit in October 2010 and also participated in the ADMM (ASEAN Defence Ministerial Meetings) Plus. Finally, the US  President visited Indonesia along with three other important Asian players – India, Japan and South Korea in November 2010, integrating Southeast Asia into its larger strategic discourse on Asia. In fact, Southeast Asia seems to have regained its Cold War position of being one of the pivots for the US in the latter’s grand strategy towards  the Asia-Pacific[3]. Since most important driving force for the re-engagement has come in the form of an uncertain nature of China’s growing diplomatic and strategic influence and the latter’s perceived aggression in the region it will definitely assist India in checking China’s future aspirations in the region, more so in the light of improving Indo US relations. 10. Certain non-traditional security concerns [4]of India in the ASEAN region could have wide-ranging effects on the economy, society and security of India. The non-traditional security concerns includes: (a)  Globalisation. With Indian economy heading towards liberalisation and globalisation there is an increasing amount of capital flowing to and from ASEAN countries. This phenomenon could be a major threat to state security if globalisation is not managed properly by India. In spite of the financial crisis the vibrant ASEAN economics could still shift the trade balance so greatly in their favor that Indian economic interests could be badly damaged. This would not only effect economic security but also have concurrent effects on India’s national security. Hence, it is essential for India to control and manage the pace of globalization to suit its own interests. (b)  Narcotics Trafficking and Associated Criminal Activities. India lies in between the two most significant drug trafficking areas of the world. With the â€Å"Golden Triangle† to its West, which includes Afghanistan and Pakistan, and  the â€Å"Golden Crescent† to its East to include Thailand and Myanmar India’s concerns about narcotic trafficking are legitimate. There is considerable flow of drugs through India which remains a concern for social security of the country. Myanmar produces a considerable share of the world narcotics. The money from the sale of drugs is often utilised by insurgents to buy weapons and explosives which is smuggled into India for insurgent activities causing internal security  problems in the country. The narcotic infrastructure is very well organized in Myanmar and Thailand. These drug cartels also have close links with India. This results in associated criminal activities like extortion, child labour and human trafficking, e ventually leading to general deterioration of social security in India. (c)  Competition for Fishing and Other Sea/Ocean- based Resources. India shares sea-based borders with many ASEAN countries. Since sea-based borders are less defined than land-based borders there are regular instances of intrusion into Indian waters by either fishing boats/trawlers or military vessels of counties from the ASEAN region. With increase in population of nations and consequent economic problems the importance of sea-based resources would increase. This could result in confrontation between various ASEAN states and India, as was the case between China and Philippines over Mischief Reef. There are certain maritime areas where exact demarcation and delineation is not done. These areas could also be future areas of concern to India’s security. (d)  Environmental Security Concerns. India and ASEAN, as also the entire world are closely linked to environmental changes and disasters. Environmental polices followed by one nation have an effect on the environment of all other nations. Global warming, droughts, floods resulting from industrialization and deforestation effect all nations. Environmental disasters  also affect the economy of nations. A case in point is the forest fires [5]and the subsequent haze problem in Indonesia. The deteriorated environment affected  tourism and hence economy of Indonesia as well as India as the tourist influx from India reduced drastically. (e)  Religious Extremism.There exists wide social and economic disparity between member nations of ASEAN. Countries like Laos and Cambodia cannot keep pace with the social development of certain other ASEAN countries, which are well developed. This leads to a sense of frustration and deprivation in certain sections of their society. This feeling coupled with religious fanaticism in certain society’s breeds’ religious extremism and sectarianism. This is the case in certain Muslim societies of ASEAN nations. Since religious extremism now cuts across national barriers, many of these disillusioned youth are finding their way to India, inciting religious tensions and indulging in insurgent activities. [1] David James, `The ASEAN Summit`, asia-inc, December 2001. [2] India ASEAN relations: Analysing regional implications. IPCS special report by Mohit Anand, May 2009 [3] View point by Dr Vibhanshu Shankar, Research fellow at Indian Council of World Affairs, New Delhi on emerging contours of US ASEAN re engagement; 25 Mar 2011. [4] `Regional International Affairs Program in Asia`, Regional Centre for Strategic Studies, http://www.rcss.org/projects/riapa/riapa.htm > [5] The ASEAN Summit, `asia-inc`, December 2001.

Freedom of Choice in Shakespeares King Lear :: Essays on King Lear

         Humans, like all creatures on the earth, have the privilege of the freedom of choice.   There are two broad ranges of factors that affect the decisions a person makes.   The first factor that affects decision making is internal and includes a person's character and intellect.   The second factor is external such as environment and interaction with other people. Naturally, each decision a person makes results in a repercussion of some degree, usually either helpful or hindering, and rarely inconsequential. The concept of justice is based on the fact that decisions are always followed by consequences.   It strictly adheres to the rewarding of good deeds and the punishment of evil.   King Lear, a play by William Shakespeare, is a grave tragedy that is a prime example of the Elizabethan conception of justice.   Lear's kingdom turns to chaos because of a break in the "Great Chain of Being" and restores to order when justice prevails. Its tragic labelling stems from t he prevalence of death the just punishment for many of its characters.   The deaths of Lear, Goneril, and Edmund are prime examples of justice prevailing for evil, and in Lear's case unnatural, acts.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Lear's ultimate fate is death.   His early demise is a direct result of breaching the "Great Chain of Being" which states that no mortal will abandon his position in the hierarchy of ranking set by God.   Lear's intention of abdicating his throne is apparent from the outset and is seen in the following speech spoken during the opening scene of the play:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . . . 'tis our fast intent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To shake all cares and business from our age,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conferring them on younger strengths while we   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unburdened crawl toward death. . .1      Ã‚  Ã‚   Evidently the splitting of Lear's kingdom and abdication of his throne is not an act of necessity, but an act toward easing the remainder of his life.   Lear's disruption of the "Great Chain of Being" is in an unnatural fashion because the abdication of his kingship is without dire or mortal cause.   The method of passing down his land to his heirs is also unnatural, as seen in the following excerpts:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . . . Know that we have divided   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In three our kingdom. . .   Ã‚  Ã‚   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Five Accounting Unethical Issues Essay

Unethical Methods are performed to manipulate the financial records of a bussiness firm. And following are the few methods: Legal : Misuse of law in case of compensation Statistics : Exaggerating revenue and profits to mislead/confuse Tax : Avoiding to pay actual tax Transperency : Trying to counterfeit/falsifying in case of investigation Exploitation : Misuing funds These issues arises due to competition between the bussiness firms to raise their numbers. Greed to have more money and violate the law. Opportunity makes thiefs when offered the bribery. Individuals who work for a giant corporate company, fails to think out of the box when considering rest of the world. Performing unethical behaviour and claimimg it as ignorance, which is not true. Transparent code of ethic which should be professinally implemented in the firm, and as well as among the employees. Maintaining healthy competition betwwen the firms. Publishing actual financial data. Responsible to pay tax. Awarding the apraisal and rewards for ethical behaviour. Legally there should be strict laws for unethical behaviour. Kimmel, P.D., Weygandt, J.J. & Kieso, D.E(4 Ed) Financial accounting: Tools for business decision making Rajeev, L.L. (2012). Ethical and Unethical Business Practices. Article of Buzzle, Business Ethics. Retrived from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ethical-and-unethical-business-practices.html Oseni, Abubakar Idris. (2012). Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 2. Retrived from http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/RJFA/article/view/188

Automobile and Porsche Essay

I. introduction Porsche is one the most famous and wanted cars not only for its look but it also have a good system and good prices when it comes to sports cars in general. So today I am going to talk about the invention, models, best features and qualities of Porsche cars. Like any other quality cars Porsche has its own best features when it comes to the car system. I have thoroughly researched and gathered as many as information on Porsche cars and also visited two Porsche companies in California because I have interest in Porsche cars. Therefore, I feel that I am credible source. Invention and history of Porsche cars a. German cars are known to be a very good cars i. According to the information I gathered from, EasyStreet; Porsche gets into the business. (2002, December 16) with no author Porsche was invented by a German guy called Ferdinand Porsche in 1900. who was a young engineer and owner of a motor cycle company. ii. It took Ferdinand almost 3 years to come up with design of his first Porsche car called 356, which impressed the German government. One month after the first car 356 left the factory it won its first race and Ferdinand was encouraged by the government to design more models. Now that I have discussed the invention and origin let me move on to my next point which is III. Models/Types of Porsche b. Most of the Porsche cars are made to attract people and provide a good use iii. According to book â€Å"The Complete History of Types and Models. † Written by Eric Tingwell 2010, March, There are over 38 types and designs of Porsche cars. iv. Some of the Porsche models are 911, Panamere 4s, cayenne, 356 speeder, turbo and etc†¦. c. Some of the most wanted and bought by the costumers all over the world are 911 Carrera, convertible D, Panamera 4S and cayenne. v. â€Å"Porsche racing cars are favored by many people than any other racing cars because of their ability to go up to 250/mph and due to their comfortableness while driving the vehichle † said Hornbuckle and Manning. (2003). Auto racing: the Sports car 500. Now that I have discussed the Models and types, let me move on to my next point which is the best features and qualities of Porsche cars. IV. Best features and Qualities of Porsche d. Best Transmission and engines vi. Unlike any other sports car Porsche has a very good transmission and engine system. vii. Also it has won so many awards for the engine system and for many other purposes of the car. ( Mechanical Engineering. 1991,May) viii. Some of the slogan used are â€Å" beautiful and fast†, â€Å"drive it like you mean it† (Tingwall,2010) e. Comfortable for your spines ix. According to Eric Tingwall form his book â€Å"Automobile Magazine† (2010,March), not only Porsche cars have a comfortable inside and seat it also has seats actually designed to provide a good care to the spines and shoulder especially for people who drive a lot. x. Porsche Company received so many awards since 1950’s till this day and it’s been one of the most selling cars in the world. 1980’s been the most successful century for Porsche companies because they made so many different types of models and gained a lot of awards thorough out the world. ( AutoWeek 2002,December 16) â€Å"In Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  V. Conclusion- f. Porsche is one the most famous and wanted cars not only for its look but it also have a good system and good prices when it comes to sports cars in general. Review 1. First I discussed about the inventor Ferdinand Porsche and the origin of the car. And how it’s one the most amazing German car it is. 2. Then I talked how there are over 38 different types of Porsche models and how it is most wanted car. 3. Finally I Explained the best features a Porsche car has. How it is useful in so many ways. Summary statement–Porsche cars has been the most famous and highly sold cars Since 1950 till the present day Porsche cars been favored by many around the world received many awards for it’s amazing purposes and also it is the only car that is made with seats that give a good care to human spine and shoulder. References EasyStreet; Porsche gets into the business. (2002, December 16). AutoWeek, 52(51), 16. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. ezproxy. etsu. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA95667758&v=2. 1&u=tel_a_etsul&it=r&p=ITOF&sw Hornbuckle, A. , & Manning, M. (2003). Auto racing: the Sports car 500 (1910s). In J. S. Baughman, V. Bondi, R. Layman, T. McConnell, & V. Tompkins (Eds. ), American decades. Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from http://ic. galegroup. com. ezproxy. etsu. edu:2048/ic/suic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow? displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=SUIC&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ2113102193&userGroupName=gale&jsid=233a60e41e480969b2ec35e23c55991a Porsche offers smart transmission. (1991, May). Mechanical Engineering-CIME, 113(5), 12. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. ezproxy. etsu. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA10754048&v=2. 1&u=tel_a_etsul&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Tingwall, E. (2010, March). Porsche bookshelf. Automobile Magazine, 24(12), 57. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. ezproxy. etsu. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA219684328&v=2. 1&u=tel_a_etsul&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Tingwall, E. (2010, March). The Porsche Book: The Complete History of Types and Models. Automobile Magazine, 24(12), 57. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. ezproxy. etsu. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA233124678&v=2. 1&u=tel_a_etsul&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w.

Sustainable road policy The WritePass Journal

Sustainable road policyï » ¿ 1. Introduction Sustainable road policyï » ¿ ). According to Calle et al. (2012) the use of biofuels can impact negatively on the environment because it increases greenhouse emissions in other ways, such as non-carbon aircraft emissions and the feedstock production process. Furthermore, this could lead to a potential increase in the price of foodstuffs due to this process using a greater amount of land to produce biojetfuel (Tietenberg, 2000). 2.1.3. Vision Two This vision for walking and cycling concentrated on urban areas. The economic dimension is clearly addressed so that it considers the enhancement of mobility through improving mass transport, increasing freightage transport efficiency, and constructing separate routes for both bicycles and pedestrians. This also includes supporting and encouraging commercial markets to provide pedestrian electronic tools, and electric-powered bikes and vans. Despite the benefit to human’s health and fitness, walking and cycling causes a significant reduction in travel and congestion costs which leads to an increase in productivity by reducing wastage time. Additionally, a massive reduction in road accident costs can be noticed by allocating dedicated routes for pedestrian and bicycles, based on a reduction in conflict points between bicycles, pedestrians and cars; each conflict point is responsible of   the occurrence of a crash in any time and, thus, economic improvement (BCBC, 2009). Social sustainability is vastly addressed in this vision. These will be achieved by applying the equality principle, social consolidation enhancement, public health promotion, and providing high social insurance within that future city which is espoused by this vision. However, it provides the typical social environment inclusion of required needs such as a higher socialised, better communicated, polite and cooperative people which is associated with highest safety levels and health quality. This also suggests roads which have lower car use, dedicate more space for children, and supply all required facilities for walking and cycling. In addition to this is the use of advanced technology in traffic systems, such as automatic vehicle speed reduction system (Tight et al., 2011). This vision addresses the environment dimension by making a reduction in air pollution which leads to a reduction in CO2 emission as well as less transportation noise due to low car use and a greater dependence on walking and cycling. This also includes less land use, the use of eco-friendly cars and imposing strong car use restrictions. As well as this, the walking and cycling and other non-motorized modes are defined as environmental modes due to their compatibility with clean air and that they generate no noise pollution (COUNCIL, 2007). 2.2. Transport problems Area 2.2.1. Developing Countries According to Gwilliam (2003), developing countries differ from developed countries with respect to of transportation. These differences are characterised by faster population growth, fast urban growth, car ownership, traffic congestion, environmental problems, and road accident and security issues. Movement problems added to the lack of road network quality and traffic management make it very difficult to compare and examine. The Green Highway and Vision Two for walking and cycling were placed to the UK situation to address the majority of the above-mentioned issues with a high efficiency, although it cannot be applied in the developing countries with the same efficiency. However, the â€Å"holistic approach [to] improving overall transport† has appeared as a global vision and can address the mobility of urban areas in developing countries. In this vision, the cities are categorized to four kinds, for instance, for addressing finance issues it suggests the participating of bot h private and public sectors. 2.2.2 Climate Change The greenhouse emissions which are from transportation sectors are estimated about 24% globally, and it will increase 2.1% annually (Wright and Fulton, 2005). The CO2 emission was separately estimated to be about 22% in 2012 and was recognized as a main cause of climate change (IEA, 2012). However, addressing climate change can be seen in all three visions in different approaches, but vision two is the more effective because of its preference of the non-motorised modes such as walking, cycling and using eco-friendly mass transportation modes. The Green Highway vision aims to adopt the highway design code with the impacts of climate change instead of carbon cutting. Furthermore, the Mobility vision tends to reduce future greenhouse gas emission depending on the technology use with the presence of all transport modes. 2.2.3. Equity, social impacts and inclusion The equity is considered to be a significant aspect due to its extensive influence by any transportation planning decision. However, it can be more effectively addressed through vision two, rather than other visions, because it is focused on increasing the concept of social sustainability (BCDC, 2009). Moreover, public transport accessibility, cycling and walking is crucial to make society more active, but in the mobility vision the economic improvement is taken into consideration depending on the sophisticated transportation mode technology. In addition to this, the equity improvement can be achieved by providing equal mobility. 2.2.4.   Resource use, waste and global pollution Resource use is a potential option in vision two through low car use as well as greater dependence on walking and cycling. In turn this makes a significant reduction in the consumption and use of resources, such as car manufacturing or backup materials, and this leads to the reduction of waste resulting from scrap. However, the Green Highway vision addresses this issue through the high efficiency resources consumption and full attention to recycling concept application. Moreover, the Mobility vision encourages aircrafts and vehicles markets to depend on alternative fuel and observe that this may lead to an increase in resource consumption, such as compound materials which are used in the aircraft manufacturing. However, the potential for recycling carbon fibre has been was found (Job, 2010). Conversely, other modes need mass use of resources as well as the technological advancement, and ultimately, global pollution is inevitable. 2.2.5. Biodiversity The Green Highway vision concerns the addressing of biodiversity conservation through constructing of wild movement green bridges and tunnels, and water ponds. However, the Mobility vision has an adverse impact on biodiversity due to its dependence on using the largest land area to provide biojetfuel as an alternative future energy (Kojima and Johnson, 2006). Furthermore, biodiversity has not been influenced by the vision two for concentration on improving road network infrastructure in urban areas. 2.2.6. Energy Security According to DECC (2012), the transport sector contributed about 38% of total energy consumption in 2011. The Green Highway vision can impact positively in the reduction of energy consumption to some extent through focusing on road infrastructure improvement and implementing recycling materials interns to reduce energy consumption by implementing recycling and minimizing the road distance. However, in the Mobility vision, the energy security is addressed efficiently by introducing alternative fuels such as biofuel to replace fossil fuel which leads to energy security effectively (Kojima and Johnson, 2006). In the scope of foodstuffs and climate change, decreasing it seems not compatible and the increasing desire and the biofuel’s wide spread will pose a risk to food security and climate change (Field et al., 2008). Additionally, in vision two the focus on walking and cycling as well as lower car use plays a significant role in energy security; moreover, the aircraft and electr ic bicycle manufacturing require energy. 2.2.7.  Safety Safety is an issue that is directly related to public life. However, this issue has not been considered in the Green Highway vision. Nevertheless, the safety is addressed in vision two through the use of alternative biofuels which are characterised by low carbon emission as well as zero vision which address safety through reducing the accidents number to close to zero. Furthermore, safety is addressed more efficiently through the use of technology that reduces vehicle speed automatically and allocates segregated lanes for pedestrians and cyclists. 2.2.8.   Landscape and heritage The Green Highway vision damages landscape and heritage because of their adversely influence on the transportation infrastructure improvement process (Seiler, 2001). Though, in the Mobility vision the largest land use is to provide the requiring energy and may adversely impact the landscape. However, in vision two, improving the transportation infrastructure is based on the existing reality; therefore it does not impact on the landscape. 2.2.9. Noise The Green Highway vision addresses noise through the use of noise barriers and a defeatist road surface. However, the Mobility vision addresses noise reduction through the use electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and aircraft with superior aerodynamics deployment. Furthermore, vision two contributes to the reduction of noise through low car use, walking and cycling and using electric modes. 2.2.10. Air pollution The Green Highway vision addresses air pollution to some degree, but not directly. However, the Mobility vision addresses this issue interactively through low carbon emission from transportation, using electric vehicles, hybrids, eco-friendly ships and aircrafts. In addition to this, it is significantly addressed by vision two through low car use, depending on walking and cycling. 2.2.11. Severance and pedestrian issues The Green Highway vision does not address severance and pedestrian safety. However, there is full attention given to public safety in the Mobility vision through pollution reduction and low carbon mobility. Moreover, vision two addresses this issue more effectively through improving pedestrian and cyclist’s mobility by allocating separate lanes for their movement and low car use. 2.3. Feasibility, global transportation issues, barriers 2.3.1. Green Highway Vision Undoubtedly, the Green Highway vision introduces an eco-design to be applied to enhance the transportation infrastructure, but it is not active to the high degree of addressing all sustainable dimensions. Good road quality brings more car use which causes environment deterioration. However, the role of advanced technology in the road performance improvement is also not considered in this vision. For example, using connected vehicles which provide the driver with all information about weather, traffic volume, road, and alerting in case the existence of problems as well as electric priority lane that charges moving vehicles automatically (Krick, 2011). In addition to this, a number of Green Highway projects with additional principles to the environmental aspect are applied in some countries such as Sweden and Norway. Consequently, until 2030 the effectiveness of this vision will expire and will not be feasible. 2.3.2 Mobility Vision Due to the presence of some features, this vision seems infeasible. However, it relies on incorporating advanced technology in transportation modes which causes a significant reduction in greenhouse emissions and requires a multi-energy source to improve the environment dimension. Moreover, the encouraging travel, car ownership, results in urbanisation, increasing congestion, increasing resource consumption and land take. Furthermore, greater battery energy consumption results in pollution in the stations and reduces the importance of eco-friendly car use. Nevertheless, technology is considered as a barrier in front of relevant authorities to decide on other dimensions (Banister, 2005). However biofuel seems inefficient due to its expected adverse impacts on the security of food and the hydrogen energy cost   is estimated to be four times as much as current fuel (ibid, 2005). Albeit, due to dealing with sustainability dimensions lopsidedly as well as developing countries drawbacks in terms of their understanding and point of view towards sustainability concept countries issues, this shows unfeasibility of the vision. 2.3.3. Vision Two There is an intensive relationship between urban transportation and its impacts on the environment due to it being directly related to life quality. The main target of vision two is life quality improvement through car use avoidance, in contrast to walking and cycling prominent. Currently, the car is a common travel mode, and the average distance travelled in a car has risen by 75% between 1980 and 2008 (DfT, 2009). Accordingly, to achieve a   reduction in car use is very difficult and there are a lot of barriers because it relates to the citizens’ freedoms. Therefore it is not easy to accept and to digest such a step and to give-up car ownership. However, the contradiction and non-cooperation between the institutions related to the case and difficulties in legal measures application would be another significant barrier (Banister, 2005). Moreover, causing scandalous damage to car manufacture would only serve to increase the rate of people without jobs as well as the walking and cycling leads to space strictures, and cities extension because of long distance and the lack of network quality, with harsh weather. Even though there is potential to dispose of these barriers by using technological means and strictly roads policies applying, this vision seems more efficient and applicable than others; foregoing the drawbacks, due to its compatibility to improve the tree mentioned sustainability dimensions in cities and towns. References Anair, D., Mahmassani, A. (2012) State of charge: electric vehicles’ global warming emissions and fuel-cost savings across the United States.  Union of Concerned Scientists Report. [Online] www. ucsusa. org/assets/ documents/clean_vehicles/electric-carglobal-warming-emissions-report. pdf. [Accessed November 22nd 2013] Banister, D. (2005) Unsustainable transport: City transport in the new century.   Oxfordshire: Routledge publication. BCBC (2009) Walking and Cycling Strategy. Borough:Bridgend County Borough Council. [online] www. Bridgend.gov.uk [Accessed   November 29th 2013]. Calle, F. R. Teelucksingh, S. Thran, D. and Seiffert, M. (2012)The potential and role of biofuels in commercial air transport-biojetfuel. London: Imperial College London IEA Bioenergy. [online] www.bioenergytrade.org//T40-Biojetfuel-Report-Sept2012.pdf [Accessed   November 27th 2013]. Colantonio, A. (2007) Social Sustainability: An Exploratory Analysis of its Definition, Assessment. Methods, Metrics and Tools Measuring Social Sustainability: Best Practice from Urban Renewal in the EU. 2007/01: EIBURS Working Paper Series. Oxford Brookes University.   [online] oisd.brookes.ac.uk/sustainable/Social Sustainability_Metrics_and_T [Accessed   November 26th 2013]. COUNCIL, P. D. (2007) Walking and Cycling Strategy. [online] hume.vic.gov.au/files/82cb922e-849b-432b-b4d1-9e0e00afba15/CW225WalkingandCyclingStrategy.pdf [Accessed November 26th   2013] DECC (2012) Overall energy consumption in the UK since 1970. Department of Energy and Climate Change. URN Publication: 12D/289. [online] www.decc.gov.uk//decc//energy-consumption/2324-overall-ener [Accessed November 26th 2013]. DfT (2009) Transport trends. London: Department for Transport. [online] http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100406130654/dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/trends/current/ [Accessed November 24th 2013]. Field, C. B. Campbell, E. and Lobell, D. B. (2008) Biomass energy: the scale of the potential resource. Trends in Ecology Evolution, Volume 23, Issue 2, 65-72. [online] sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534708000098 [Accessed November 30th 2012]. Gwilliam, K. (2003) Urban transport in developing countries. [online] Transport Reviews, 23(2), 197-216. [online] tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01441640309893#.Umwm7XCb55g [Accessed November 20th 2013] HA (2003) Vision 2030 Final report: An investigation into the long-term challenges and opportunities for the UK’s strategic highway network. Highways agency. WSP Civils. [online] Ltd.transportvisions.org.uk/documents/documents.htm [Accessed   December 5th 2013]. IEA Statistics (2012) CO2 emissions from fuel consumption: Highlights. Paris: International Energy Agency, 2011 Edition. [online] www.iea.org//CO2emissionfromfuelcombustionHIGHLIGHTS.pdf   [Accessed   December 2nd 2012]. Job, S. (2010) Composite recycling: summary of recent research and development. Materials KTN Reports. [online] www.compositesuk.co.uk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=LXN [Accessed   December 4th2012]. Kirk, B., Eng, P. (2011) Connected vehicles: an executive overview of the status and trends.  Globis Consulting, November,  21. [online] globisconsulting.ca/Connected_Vehicles_Globis_rpt.pdf [Accessed November 24th  Ã‚   2013] Kojima, M., Johnson, T. (2005) Potential for biofuels for transport in developing countries. [online]cabdirect.org/abstracts/20093014861.html;jsessionid=25D728151573397D1B099BB26B4D6DF1   [Accessed November 23rd 2013] Marks, D. H. (2002) The Evolving Role of Systems Analysis in Process and Methods in Large-Scale Public Socio-Technical Systems. In  Proceedings of the Engineering Systems Division (ESD) Internal Symposium  (pp. 251-266). [online] http://esd.mit.edu/WPS/internal-symposium/esd-wp-2003-01.08.pdf Polese, M. and Stren, R,. (Eds.), (2000) The Social Sustainability of Cities: Diversity and the Management of Change. Toronto:University of Toronto Press. Schwaab, J.A. and Thielmann, S. (2001) Economic instruments for sustainable road transport: an overview for policy makers in developing countries. Eschborn: GTZ publication. [online] lnweb90.worldbank.org//Economic_Instruments_for_Sustainable_[Accessed December 2nd 2013]. Seiler, A. (2001) Ecological effects of roads: A review. Riddarhyttan: University of Agricultural Sciences, S-73091. [online] idd00s4z.eresmas.net/doc/transp/ecoeffectsonroads.pdf [Accessed December 2rd December 2013]. Tietenberg, T. H., Lewis, L. (2000)  Environmental and natural resource economics  (pp. 86-98). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. [online]   dandelon.com/servlet/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/AT00182C23C6746888AE0C12570840044C6CE.pdf Tight, M. Timms, P. Banister, D. Bowmaker, J. Copas, J. Day, A. Drinkwater, D. Givoni, M. Gà ¼hnemann, A. Lawler, M. Macmillen, J. Miles, A. Moore, N. Newton, R. Ngoduy, D. Ormerod, M. O’Sullivan, M. Watling, D. (2011). Visions for a walking and cycling focussed urban transport system. Journal of Transport Geography 19, 1580–1589. Transport Policy Advisory Services, (2010) Challenges of urban transport in developing countries- a summary. [online] sutp.org/ins-pol-supporting-docs?download=391:challenges-of-urban-transport-in-developing-countries-a-summary [accessed November 20th 2013] WBCDE (2009) Vision 2050: The new Agenda for Business. Geneva: World Business Council on Sustainable Development. [online] wbcsd.org/vision2050.aspx. Wright, L., Fulton, L. (2005). Climate change mitigation and transport in developing nations.  Transport Reviews,  25(6), pp. 691-717. [online] http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/messages/downloadsexceeded.html [Accessed November 26th   2013]

Charles Schwab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Charles Schwab - Essay Example The primary tool that should be used to analyze key issues of the case is a SWOT analysis. Since technology is an ever-changing influence on the business world today, and businesses must stay on top of technology in order to provide the best business, the businesses must make sure they analyze these concepts on the terms of a SWOT analysis. There are several strengths in this approach, as the customers feel empowered by their ability to use online interphases to participate in trading and investing. Furthermore, the opportunities continue to allow for better organization and focus for the business. Weaknesses focus around the fact that technology will continue to change, so the interphase will need to be constantly updated and customers may need extra assistance with this. Threats include the ability of other companies to adapt to the same type of interphase, and the fact that the technology will be both costly and expensive for the company. Having used the tools described above, identify the key issues that the company should focus on - relate it to the reading in the Grant text for that week. Tell the reader why those are the root issues and not just symptoms of something deeper. Charles Schwab should continue to focus on technology in order to push its firm to be the most technology-driven company. The name of the brand "Charles Schwab" holds much respect for investors, so the combination of technological advancement with the name should grab the attention of those willing to invest. As Generation X ages, and as they were the generation that showed the first true interest in technology and computers as an everyday resource, it will become important to target them for investment strategy, and a good way to do this is with top-of-the-line technology. Technology grabs the attention of Generation X and also peaks their interest, because most of the individuals that are a part of that generation respect the reliance of computers. Combining this with the respect for the company's name, the company should be able to achieve a large amount of success. Find and cite three benchmark companies that face similar issues or counterpoint issues TODAY. Three companies that face similar issues today are actually three banks that also have to grab the interest of Generation X in order to promote investment in the company. This includes Chase, which recently bought out Washington Mutual, Bank of America, and Citibank. All three banks are becoming more and more interested in the use of technology in order to keep organization clean, and reduce human error. Technology has also allowed these companies to provide customers with more power in their investments with technology like online banking. Like Schwab, these banks are using online interphases to give customers more access to information, and more power overall. Again, technology helps to catch the attention and interest of the aging Generation X population, who have always shown a certain trust in the use of computers.Select and defend a direction for the company. I believe that Charles Schwab should continue with its current strategy of using technology to stay on top of the investment firm business. Technology is a great way to not only interest Generation X, but also show its strength, power, and reliability as an organization, combining its already reliable name with the reliability of technology. The better the technology and the more empowered the customers, the more likely they will be to come to the business, and stay with the business.

Examination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Examination - Essay Example The issue to be settled is whether or not Joan, Jake, and Johnny are guilty of violating the Securities law prohibiting insider trading – Johnny in his capacity as officer of the firm, and Joan and Jake who acted on tips from Johnny. Sec 16 (b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 directly addresses insider trading, while Sec 10(b) indirectly does so. Insiders refer to the officers, corporate directors, or beneficial owners of more than 10% of a firm’s shares.1 The case law is SEC v Texas Gulf Sulphur Co. (1966) which ruled that anyone in possession of inside information must either disclose the information or refrain from trading. Dirks v SEC (1984) ruled that tippees (receivers of second-hand, non-public material information) are liable if the tipper was in breach of fiduciary duty, and he/she and the tippee personally benefitted from the disclosure. Illegal insider trading â€Å"involves the theft of valuable information about corporate plans that properly belongs to the corporation and its investors.† 2 Its vigorous prohibition is necessary to protect the intellectual property rights that rightfully belong to the corporation and its shareholders.3 Illegal trading is done when the purchase or sale of securities is conducted in breach of fiduciary relationship on the basis of non-public, material information, in such a way that the price of the security is affected. It is also illegal for the person enjoying such relationship of trust and confidence to tip such material, non-public information for them to trade on such basis. Aside from appropriating the information in violation of property rights, insider trading also reduces the incentives of legitimate market participants to make discoveries of information, by unjustly appropriating trading profits on undisclosed information. It robs investors of many benefits of

International Trade 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

International Trade 2 - Essay Example Free trade is not perfect and as you mentioned in your response it also has disadvantages. In the United States a lot of factories have closed down because the firm’s owners decided to move the operation oversees in search of cheaper labor and lower operating costs. I agree with you that imposing barriers of trade is a counterproductive strategy. Most countries around the world have moved away from protectionism practices that impose barriers of trade and instead they are joining the free trade movement. There are many bilateral and multilateral trade agreements worldwide including NAFTA, MERCOSUR, TPP, and G-3. You are correct in your premise that the decision of using free trade should be made by the governments of each nation. Sometimes governments have to move away from free trade in certain industries in order to protect a local product. Protectionism practices are often used in the agricultural industry. Trucknews.com. 23 March 2012. â€Å"NAFTA trade totals reach record level in 2011 at $904 billion. 8 April 2013.

The importance of reading Essay Example for Free

The importance of reading Essay Reading has at all times and in all ages been a source of knowledge, of happiness, of pleasure and even moral courage. In todays world with so much more to know and to learn and also the need for a conscious effort to conquer the divisive forces, the importance of reading has increased. In the olden days if reading was not cultivated or encouraged, there was a substitute for it in the religious sermon and in the oral tradition. The practice of telling stories at bed time compensated to some extent for the lack of reading. In the nineteenth century Victorian households used to get together for an hour or so in the evenings and listen to books being read aloud. But today we not only read, we also want to read more and more and catch up with the events taking place around us. The various courses and classes being conducted in rapid reading support this belief. A person who is widely read is able to mix with others: he is a better conversationalist than those who do not read. He can stand his ground. Reading broadens the vision. it is in a way a substitute for travel. It is not possible to travel as much as one would like to and reading can fill in the gap created by the lack of travel. Reading, as Bacon wrote in his essay. Of Studies. maketh a full man: conference a ready man: and writing an exact man. Thus a widely-read man is a better conversationalist and is able to see the other point of view. Literature is a form of art which can cross barriers and if one does not know the language in which a piece of literature is written, one is willing sometimes to learn the language. Even if one does not learn a  language one reads the literary work in translation. This contributes to the growth of understanding and tolerance amongst people. Reading also helps one to see the present in relation to the past and the future, and thus develop a historical perspective. Care is needed to ensure that reading does not become a substitute for real life. The moment one ceases to enjoy the ordinary pleasures and happiness of life and is content to enjoy them vicariously through fictional and historical representations, one loses all the benefits of reading and loses contact with life. With the cinema and television taking up a great deal of attention of children, teenagers and even adults, the habit of serious reading is dying out. People are content to read abridged versions. see films, go through illustrated comics and be content. But just as reading should not become a substitute for the joy of living or drive out the other forms of entertainment, other substitutes should not be accepted for the pleasure of reading which lies in the act itself. One may be selective, may be discriminating but no one can afford to shut himself off from this rich and ever-growing world of literature.

Company Information Of Sports Direct

Company Information Of Sports Direct In this e-business era all the companies are very much interested in attracting customers by presenting a nice looking website with all the relevant information. As a professional in E-commerce we would like to bring some comparative analysis of different competitors in sports business to highlight the best possible option to start an E-business in sports sector. In our survey we have chosen three well known companies who competes radically in the market, these are listed below with their website address: Sports Direct: http://www.sportsdirect.com JD Sports: http://www.jdsports.co.uk Kitbag: http://www.kitbag.com Though the above companies are performing similar business, but still their activities do not very resemble each other. These companies differ from each other from various pints of view; some of them are summarized below: Company information of Sports Direct: In sports business Sports Direct is controlling a whole range of steering in UK. This owns a wide range of elegant brands of products. Sports Direct is trading under its own name and also accompanied by some other companies like Lillywhites, McGurks, and Exsports as a group of companies. As a group of company they sell a wide range of owned brand such Dunlop, Slazenger, Lonsdale and the most famous 3rd party brands as Adidas, Nike, Umbro, Reebok and Puma. They claim themselves as the best sports goods retailers because of the readily availability of branded goods which makes them famous among others. Sports Direct along with its 359 outlets comprises different other companies as partners provides a great deal of offers which allows it be competitive in this trade. Strategically Sports Direct builds up the trading relationship with others so that they can run the business with less competition. Customer services: In trading business customers are the basic underpin on which companies run their operation. Customer satisfaction is a most powerful trigger of business. Sports Direct is always keen to provide good customer services all over the world. For serving the customer satisfactorily Sports Direct has the provision of updated information regarding best deal of products, which is a part and parcel in online businesses. They also take care of the customers by providing helpline, return policy, and secure payment method, online terms and conditions for shopping and so on. It also keeps in mind about the customers of European countries where it created a specialized site for them. Sports Direct also facilitates the customers by secured login support by which the customer can track down their account, which tells them the shopping details at any point of time. Customer information regarding the rights of customers: In E-commerce customers are treated as the weaker part of trade. Customers are those who purchase goods and services for consumption as well as for selling. There are lots of rules and regulation in UK to protect customers from fraud. Sports Direct provides the rights to its customer to have the terms and condition printed, get an overall ideas about the products in terms of price and quality, the rights to have the personal data safe according to terms and conditions, get the delivery all over the UK and also international through delivery partner Etail services LDT, return the defective goods, get a reasonable warranty, give complain for various issues, both the customers and the company has the right to accuse each other in case of any contractual breach to the court of England and Wales. Product warranties: In case of product warranty Sports Direct has just put up a statement which will satisfy the customers regarding the quality assurance as described in its website. This company doesnt give any warranty of virus or other malicious program free website. Design and ease of website use: The design of the website is mostly represented by the homepage where one can get all the relevant information about the company. In Sports Direct.com the home page is mostly contained of some of the inductive offers of products including little description of it. This site also contains an easily accessible and readable navigation bar, a search button, a display of shopping basket, a sign in option to open an account with the company, online payment options and company information in detail. The customers can find their suitable product that they are looking for from the navigation bar where it is given be the name or type of the products. The colour combination and the look and feel of the site is as expected. With all these information and navigation in the design it can be regarded as easily accessible site. Company information of JD Sports: JD Sports started its launch in 1981 and has grown up very quickly with about 400 stores gaining high reputation of selling own and third party brand of goods. Its overriding performance was basically based on the sales of third party brands e.g. Nike, Adidas, Reebok etc. In the rising trend JD Sports acquired many other stores to form the group of business as a competitive advantage. This sports giant has also included its corporate information e.g. share details, little bit of company structure, and the rate of growth which ultimately shows the high performing capacity of the company. In company information they have included a wide range of supplements to give a clear view of it. Customer services: All the businesses are dependent on the customers so they carry out vital activities for a company. In JD Sports they have given high priority to the customers with highly valuable services. For good services JD Sports has incorporated various activities like shopping pattern, delivery information, returning of defective goods, tracking system of order, secure site for payment and different product list including their respective sizes. It has also created a search button for finding the stores around the UK. Customer information regarding the rights of customers: According to the terms and conditions the customers are bound by the companys policy. The customers can only consume the products but not sell them outside as per company aim. Users of this site have access restriction to some parts of it, which reduces the rights of customers in a sense. In this site the rights of customers and other related entities are clearly stated. The company is not held liable for any damage of customers physical goods like computers through any kind of virus infections. So the customers do not have the right to complain against such sort of damages. JD Sports provides a legal right to customers to return defective goods at any point of time after purchasing and cancel the order within 7 (seven) days. Customers have the right to accuse the company regarding any illegal issues. Product warranties: JD Sports provides a warranty period of 28 days of purchasing. If the products do not satisfy the quality of purpose or fit for the purpose then the customer has the right to return back to the company. The company then either replace it or refund the full price after checking the defectiveness of faultiness of the products. JD Sports has also illustrated all the policies and procedures of returning goods under the regulation of product warranty. Design and ease of website use: In designing the website JD Sports has given tremendous efforts. It has differentiated the products gender wise and also age wise, so that the customers dont have to waste their precious time in finding specific products. The special offers are also incorporated and updated time to time under separate section. All these information has made the site wonderful in sense of design and easy accessibility. Company information of Kitbag.com: In the sports goods and accessories world Kitbag is one of the best company. The targeted area of business is mostly EU, but it has expanded its business to UK and US as well. They sell different third party branded products e.g. Nike, Adidas, Puma etc. through their shops and online. They have a wide range of products to sell from cloths, gifts or souvenirs to exercise equipments for all ages of customers. Kitbag.com site is a Hitwise award winner which built on their success day by day. As a sports giant with its associates Kitbag has the right of restricting the users of this site who have breached the terms and conditions. Customer services: As all the company tries harder for its customers, Kitbag also is not out of the community. For its most important stakeholder (customer) Kitbag has also provided enormous and attracting supports. For the customer services it has created a section to create personal account, help option, search button, currency differentiation button, making complains and comments. It has also provided an affiliate network options so that the customers can choose from a larger variety of others as well. Customer information regarding the rights of customers: Customers of Kitbag has all the basic right of using the website e.g. placing orders, easy way of secure payments, get the delivery all around the UK, US and EU, returning of goods, and keep the personal data protected with the company. It addition to this customers have also an important right to remove personal information recorded in the company database. In the return policy customer may return the goods within 14 days from purchase including all belongings with the good, but in that case recorded delivery is preferred by the company which may be a bit costly. Kitbag also allows the customers to cancel the orders in certain condition. Product warranties: Although a big company it hasnt provided clear and distinguished illustration about the products warranty. It has only depicted the information of returning defective goods in one section. Design and ease of website use: In the home page of this site all the relevant links are included from which customer can easily access their respective pages. In the menu bar all products ranges are enlisted to display the products name at a glance. To get the best and up to date offers Kitbag has kept a special search bar for the convenience of the customers. With all these circumferences of this site it can be considered as very well designed and easily accessible site. Comparative analysis of above competitors and proposal for best practice: In case of company information it is clearly revealed that Sports Direct has depicted all sorts of information regarding the company compared to two other companies. A company doing business in the civilized world should give the details of it to get people know about their intention and purpose. So in this perspective Sports Direct is further ahead than other two. In case of customer services JD Sports is very much close to standard. Because all three company has more or less support for customer services but JD Sports has a special section for services even in the site. In case of the third aspect which is customer rights Kitbag has priority over others. Sports Direct and JD Sports provide customers the right to perform basic activities when do some shopping from them, and Kitbag in addition give the right to erase customers personal detail from the company record which relieves the company from some sort of liability in case of any fraudulent activities by third party (hacker). In case product warranty JD Sports is superior to others. The reason is that JD Sports has specific time duration for product warranty with the illustration of refund policy in the site as well. In case of design and easy accessibility JD Sports scores the highest points. Because the texts in the site are fully readable, the product differentiation by gender and age group is transparent enough; all the links are on a finger tip of the customers. So, considering the above analysis and comparison I would like to advise the client to follow JD Sports online business strategy to set up their own business. They should also consider Sports Direct and Kitbag in respect of detail company information and terms and condition, and customer rights respectively. The ultimate target of this new business should be adopting a site which is dynamic, well defined, realistic, clear in view and finally most customer acceptable. Section 2: Company name and Intellectual Property To start a business a name for the company should be chosen. The name should be legally available and registered with proper authority. Before choosing the name the company type should be identified. Here we would suggest to have limited type of company, more specifically private limited company. We would suggest the name as Sports Craft limited company considering all the legal issues and registration regulation. The reason behind choosing this type of company is that, the shareholders are not liable for disaster in business or have limited liability. Other reasons behind the suggestion are of smaller size, shareholder flexibility in terms of number of shareholders, and executive authority formation of the company. As we would suggest a limited type of company, so the name should End with the word limited as Sports Craft Limited Company, The similar name should not be chosen, which is already in the index, The name cant be offensive to the people. If a name sounds same as another company it can be accepted by spelling differently for example, if there is another company name, called Kraft Sports Limited then our suggested name can be accepted, but it is better to select a unique name to avoid objection of other companies and get registration easily. Before applying for registration we would suggest to check the name at companies house website whether it is readily and legally available or not as opposed to similar name. After choosing the name, registering the company with authorised body will come up as a next step to take place. The registration in UK is done through a body named Companies House under the current companies act 2006. Some provisions or clause of companies act 2006 are not enforced so that the act of 1985 is also in force in respective areas. For the registration of the company you may choose to deal directly with the companies house or can go through the different agents those have experienced solicitors and accountants in the field of company formation. To start this registration process you should send off some documents with relevant fee to the companies house. The documents are as follows: A Memorandum of Association which includes the name, established location, and its function in business, it can be available from a law stationery or agent. Articles of Association which include full description of the way of running business (e.g. selling sports goods and providing good service to the customers online), rights and powers of stakeholders and company directors, it can be available from a law stationery or agent. A form 10 after completion which provides the details of company office, name and addresses of directors and secretary of Sports Craft Limited Company. A form 12 after completion which will provide the compliance of the Sports Craft Limited Company to the legal requirement of company formation. If the registered office needs to be in England or Wales the documents should be sent to companies house in Cardiff. These two types of forms are available in companies house as downloadable format. A private company like Sports Craft Limited Company must appoint correct number of directors and secretary according to its article of association and who should be formally qualified. The director of Sports Craft Limited Company should be over the age of 16 and at least one should be neutral to the company. After the company being formed some sort of notification should be sent to the companies house about: Appointing a new officer Resignation of the officer of the company Changes of details of an officer that was provided in Form 10 Changes of registered office address details. After all the necessary checks and examination which will be done by companies house regarding the name and relevant documents an incorporation certificate will be issued towards Sports Craft Limited Company. Advice on the trademark and domain name issues: Trademark is a distinguishable and graphically presented sign that a company can use for the goods or services they provide in respect to differentiate their products from others and is comprised of words, letters, alphanumeric, and also be a logo. Through the trade mark one can protect his/her personal property from infringement. The trade mark of a company can be protected by the Trade Mark Act 1994. If the member of Sports Craft Limited Company have seen a trade mark of a company in Canada and would like to use that as his own company mark, then we suggest to check first whether the Canadian company has the mark registered or not. If it is registered then the chance of having the mark is less. Even if the Canadian company hasnt registered the mark but it has reputation in business, then he can get it protected by the passing off rights. In case of trade mark the principle is Filing First but the not the Using first. If the Canadian company has the trade mark registered and its bus iness is not multinational or limited to Canada then Sports Craft Limited Company will be able to use that mark under the UK Trade Mark Act 1994. The above situation will also be considerable for Sports Craft Limited Company. If Sports Craft Limited Company wants to do business in Canada, then in case of any dispute the Canadian company has to prove that the mark is registered or applied before the application of Sports Craft Limited Company. But if the mark is not registered then Canadian company has to prove his reputation in doing the business in case of goods and services. The above suggestions should be followed by the newly formed company after examining all the possibilities by experts. These are all top level domain names but there is nothing to deal with level to get the name registered. In UK the domain name is registered through Nominate and it is done first come first serve basis. The domain name should be unique in every aspect. Domain name infringement is based on UK Trade Mark Act 1994 where if the mentioned three names are identical to any registered trade mark or any goods and services in any way then it will be called an infringement of domain name. Before choosing any of the names Sports Craft Limited Company has to investigate whether they are already registered or not. Literally it is evident that all three names are registered under the domain name registrar. Although they all are doing different business than Sports Craft Limited Company but due to the principle of uniqueness there is no chance to get those names as domain name. Those companies can make a dispute which will fall under Domain Name Envy where two or more company have similar domain nam e. Sports Craft Limited Company might be given right to have any of those three names if it attains good reputation or it already has the reputation in other business. In that case there is provision for reallocation of domain names and a dispute resolution procedure. There are seven issues concerned with the domain name dispute resolution which are as follows: Did the other party register the domain name before you registered yours? If not then you proceed on registering with any of the three mentioned names. Does either party own a registered trademark? Is the domain name generic? Does the domain include a celebritys name? Does the domain name include a well-known brand? Can you prove bad faith? How long has this been going on? After considering all the above issues you can decide to get a domain name from the three names. If you want to choose the domain name as, www.Sportscraft.com which has similar word like the mentioned others, so it may come under dispute resolution. In this case we would like to remind you about the case of Microsoft VS. MikeRoweSoft, where although Mike Rowe started a business in dissimilar domain name, but the software giant Microsoft made a dispute against him because of resemblance of the name. Section 3: Privacy and data protection Privacy in e-commerce draws the attention of world business people and also the consumers to protect themselves from fraud. Because of the vulnerability in online shopping customer are getting tensed and unwilling to visit any online shopping site irrespective of their shopping habit, which is a threat to e- business. Online fraudulence through malfunction security measures imposed the customers to and businessmen to pressurise the authority for developing regulatory policies for collecting and using of gathered personal data. So the importance of privacy and data protection should not be ruled over while starting an online business. The legal requirements of online business in respect of UK data protection act 1998 can be categorized as follows: The collection of personal data -Get consent from the customers by using a check box -Sending email and text messages for marketing reasons -Making automated calls -Faxing -Sending cookies The above marketing strategy for goods and services requires the prior consent of the customers. The UK e-privacy regulations control these activities with the help of data protection act 1998. Data trafficking Routing of data Duration of keeping the data. Reason behind keeping the personal data for longer period Location data Identification of the customers location Transfers and usage of personal data need to be regulated Fare use of data Adequacy, relevancy, and range of excessiveness of personal data Accuracy and security of personal data while transferring Three main issues in website privacy policy are: Securely and fairly processing of customers personal data Secondary or reuse of data by authorised company and by third party, where transfer of personal data should be restricted. Accessibility in financial information and use of cookies to recognize past customers. Now we would like to advise our client in respect of collecting personal data for business and reutilization purposes. In collecting the personal data the above legal issues or requirements should be fulfilled by the company. In descriptive way we would suggest the company the following: The personal information should be collected for legal and purposeful reason. The collected data should be kept secured and processed fairly which means prevent the third parties to access and carryout the examining of data. The personal information should not be kept for longer than needed unless some exceptions such as investigation for crime, terrorism under the investigatory powers act 2000 or crime and security act 2001 or otherwise for billing purposes. For billing purposes the personal data can be stored for duration of six years. The customers can have the power of erasing their information from the database of the company by using technology. The transfer of information to third party should require consent from the customers. The transfer of personal information should be prohibited to outside business region unless there is enough security and protection of those data. The transfer of data should not be rejected for the reasons of contract formation, public interest, legal proceedings, taxation, national security, and information commissions office authorization. The racial identity information is treated as sensitive personal information which can come under ethnic group. The racial identity information should be kept and processed with more care than the standard personal information such as it must satisfy the fair and lawful processing together with one of mentioning conditions: 1) explicit consent of customers, 2) secure the interest of the customers, and 3) to secure the legality of the information. Section 4: Advertising and marketing: The e-commerce advertisement should have the characteristics of Truthfulness/transparency: Where marketing communication should not be misleading by faulty and ambiguous information. Safe from customer vulnerability: This means the customers should not be motivated or enticed to commit dangerous activities resulting in social unrest. Descent in respect of content: Marketing communication should not contain anything on the platform of racial, religious, sexual orientation and disability. Reality of promotional offer: Where promotional goods and services should maintain the normal quality with mentioning the correct duration, and promoters should not be disappointed in any situation. Fair competitiveness And secured linking. The site design should be clear enough to be understood by the customers. All the products are meant to be available for delivery as advertised for promotion unless any exception included in the terms and conditions. The price content should not include any hidden charges. Direct marketing can be introduced with the legal perspective and customer consent. There is no actual legislation for controlling the content of advertisement. But some rules or code of conduct regulate the e-commerce advertising which are relevant to the trade, marketing and advertising in respective fields. The code of practice provides a self-regulatory environment which can be implemented in accordance with legislation or independently for dispute resolutions. The design of advertisement should comply with the code to rely on the legality, decency, honesty, truthfulness, and consumer confidence for marketing arrangements. The following brief discussion of two UK laws regulating the content of advertisement would provide you some transparent view of advertising online. 1. Trade description act 1968: The trade description act started enforcing since 30th November 1968. With the replacement and extendibility of previous trade legislation the trade description act 1968 enforce the business men providing actual description of goods and services in terms of price, size etc. The Trade Description Act consists of subsections which comply with the trading as follows: A) The business activities by a company can be treated as an criminal offensive action under the Trade Description Act 1968 when the business organization, Present any goods and services in fictitious way in terms of price, size and the quality. Make available such goods for supplying to customers which do not comply with the stated description in advertisement. Provide fake and vague statement of different service facilities to confuse the customers and entice them to buy or use them. B) Describing the trading pattern in terms of products, services, facilities, and the ultimate quality of them include The dimension of the above in sense of size, quantity Production mechanisms such as manufacture, processing Content in terms of which is composed of Quality assurance against the description Results of testing and the approval from respected authority Time duration of the goods and services understandable by the customers. Under the Trade Description Act 1968 any false indication for any sort of goods and services by the trader is a punishable offense. For example the traders are not allowed to present or sell any products with the presentation of any royal family members or any famous person, even if the permission is granted from them. The failure of fulfilling any services stated by the trader is an offense and can be sued by the customers without the involvement of the Act. Spoken statement is outside the reach of the legislation, hence the compensation are not taken into consideration under this Act. Then it can be finalised with the help of civil law if the court thinks it perfect. 2. Misrepresentation Act 1967: The Misrepresentation Act 1967 came in to force in 22 March 1967 by the amendment of two sections of Sales of goods Act 1893. Under this Act the following should be considered: A) If any contract is formed with the misrepresentation of any products then the customers are entitled to cancel the contract without averring the fraudulent activities. B) Where the customers are in a contract by the misrepresentation in advertisement and suffer a massive loss is entitled to claim for damages on the proof of fraudulent misrepresentation and vice versa. C) If a contract is made between two parties with misrepresentation of products subject to accepting any terms and conditions regarding unintentional misrepresentation by the customers, then the traders may not be liable for any damage caused by it as long as it satisfy the section 11(1) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. D) The trader should not represent any products which can be presumably considered as someone elses product that has reputation or registered trademarks in the market. Conformity of advertisement to those laws: As mentioned above about the design or characteristics of Sports Craft Limited Company advertisement, we would like to relate the Trade Description Act 1968 to a) customer vulnerability, b) promotional offers for various products which should be described in clears view and compliance to the relevant products, c) fair competition in case of accurate information about the products advertised on line, d) price tagging where there should be no hidden charges, and e) secured linking of third party advertisement where the trader describes the products with appropriate information. Also the Misrepresentation Act 1967 can be conformed to the a) truthfulness/ transparency of presenting a particular product, b) decency of content of the site, where representing any violated information can result in social hazards. Advise in regard to direct marketing to athletes: The direct email marketing is a campaign through advertisement to reach the targeted people with the ultimate purpose of selling products and differs from other traditional types of marketing strategy. It can be in a form of digital text, HTML, spamming as unsolicited mail etc. To start the email marketing a number of regulations should be taken into considerations which comply with the unsolicited electronic messages sent through different communication media. The most important condition to consider first is that, the unsolicited electronic marketing is only possible with the permission of recipients in this case the athletes. These conditions are complied with the European Communities Ordinance 2004 and the Data Protection Act 1998 for the communication with individuals and organizations. The exceptions of this regulation are as follow: The unsolicited mail or spam can be sent to athletes if their personal information has been gathered in case of any sale of products take place. In case of marketing similar products In case marketing giving the opportunity to unsubscribe the marketing arrangement by the customers while giving p