Wealth of U.S. Presidents List and Details

If you want to be president, you dont have to have a college degree or even be born on American soil. Youve only got to be 35-years-old and a ​natural-born citizen of the United States. Oh, yeah: You also need to have money. Lots of money. Related Story: Who Was the Poorest U.S. President? No, thats not spelled out in the U.S. Constitutions requirements to be president.  But its become a fact of American political life.  Almost every modern president has been a millionaire at the time he was elected to the White House. Why Money Matters Why do you have to be rich to be president? You need money to raise money, first. You need money to be able to take time off work to campaign, second. And you need money to taken seriously, third.   Related Story: What is a Country Club Republican? Larry Sabato, the director of the University of Virginias Center for Politics, told National Public Radios the protojournalist in 2013: Wealth has always been a major qualifying factor for the presidency. It gives you access to the other rich people who fund campaigns, the status to seek high office, the extra time necessary for an all-consuming quest, and freedom from the everyday concerns that keep most people occupied. Thus has it always been, thus ever will it be. Wealth of 5 Modern Presidents Heres a look at five modern presidents and their net worth at the time of their election. Barack Obama  Ã¢â‚¬â€ The Democratic former U.S. senator was worth an estimated  $3,665,505 at the time of his election in 2008, according to the Center for Responsive Politics, a nonpartisan Washington, D.C., watchdog group. Obama listed assets worth between $1,416,010 and $5,915,000 in his personal financial disclosure for that year.  George W. Bush  Ã¢â‚¬â€ The Republican former Texas governor, who started his own oil company and owned a major league baseball team, was worth an estimated  $11 million to $29 million at the time of his election in 2000, according to The New York Times. The newspaper noted that Bushs assets made him one of the wealthiest presidents in decades.Bill Clinton  Ã¢â‚¬â€ The Democratic former Arkansas governor estimated his and eventual First Lady Hillary Clintons net worth at  $700,000 when he was elected in 1992. Clinton later told  NBC’s Meet the Press that:  I think I had the lowest net worth of any American president in the 20th century when I took office.  George H.W. Bush  Ã¢â‚¬â€ The Republican vice president and former oilman was worth $2.1 million when he was elected in 1988. As The New York Times noted: Because of Vice President Bushs bearing, his privileged upbringing and his years in the oil business in Texas, he is often perceived as a man of great wealth.  Ronald Reagan  Ã¢â‚¬â€ The Republican former Hollywood actor was worth $4 million when he was elected to the White House in 1980.      Wealth of 2016 Presidential Candidates It appears the trend of electing millionaire presidents will continue in the 2016 election. Each of the candidates and likely candidates  for 2016  is worth at least $1 million and likely much more, according to personal financial disclosures. Related Story:  A Guide to Money in Politics For example: Hillary Clinton, a former U.S. senator and secretary of State under President Barack Obama, is worth at least $5.2 million.  Ted Cruz, a Republican U.S. senator from Texas who announced his candidacy in March 2015, is worth an estimated $3.2 million.Jeb Bush, a former Florida governor and next in line in the Bush political dynasty, is believed to be worth at least $1.3 million and likely much more.

How Nurses Can Influence Legislature, The Political Issue...

The process in which a bill becomes a law is long, difficult, and trying. Nurses have unique strengths that make them valuable resources for lawmakers. It is the responsibility of nurses to understand the legislative process and how their influence affects it. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the legislative process, how nurses can influence legislature, the political issue of childhood immunizations, and my opinion on the issue. Part 1 The Legislative Process Health policies, whether allocative or regulatory, are presented, debated, and decided on through the legislative process. It is the responsibility of all nurses to understand the many steps to this process, recognize problems that require attention, and know how they are able to influence the decision making process (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2014). The required steps for a bill to become a law include: introduction, committee consideration, floor scheduling, House and Senate consideration, difference resolution, and Presidential action. Only after successful passage through all steps can a bill be delivered for submission into public law. In order for a bill to be considered, it must first be supported and introduced by a member or the House or Senate. In order to for a nurse to have an issue presented, her or she must first find a representative to sponsor the bill and persuade as many members as possible to agree to cosign it. Lobbying, or advocating for these issues, can be done through face-to-faceShow MoreRelatedNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagescommittee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. 65815 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project. International Standard Book NumberRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesIV-6 The Challenges of Local System Design for Multinationals: The MaxFli Sales Force Automation System at BAT CASE STUDY IV-7 Meridian Hospital Systems, Inc.: Deciding Which IT Company to Join CASE STUDY IV-8 Mary Morrison’s Ethical Issue Seventh Edition Managing Information Technology Carol V. Brown Howe School of Technology Management, Stevens Institute of Technology Daniel W. DeHayes Kelley School of Business, Indiana University Jeffrey A. Hoffer School of Business

Smu Mb0044 Sem 2 2013 Solved Free Essays

Q1. State the important considerations for locating an automobile plant. A1. We will write a custom essay sample on Smu Mb0044 Sem 2 2013 Solved or any similar topic only for you Order Now Automobile plant automated flaw lines, automatedassembly lines, flexible manufacturing systems, global transition rapid prototyping. Building manufacturing flexibility things are necessity. About the automated flow lines we can say it is a machine which is linked by a transfer system which moves the parts by using handling machines which are also automated, we have an automated flow line. Human intervention ma is needed to verify that the operations ate taking place according to standards. When these cab be achieved with the help of automation and the processes are conducted with self regulation, we will have automated flow lines established. In fixed automation or hard automation, where one component is manufactured using services operations and machines it is possible to achieve this condition. We assume that product life cycles are sufficiently stable to interest heavily on the automate flow lines to achieve reduces cast per unit. Product layouts ate designed so that the assembly tasks are performed in the sequence they are designed at each station continuously. The finished item came out at the end of the line. In automated assembly lines the moving pallets move the materials from station to station and moving arms pick up parts, place them at specified place and system them by perusing, riveting, crewing or even welding. Sensors will keep track of there activities and move the assembles to the next stage. The machines are arranged in a sequence to perform operations according to the technical requirements. The tools are loaded, movements are effected, speeds controlled automatically without the need for worker’s involvement. The flexibility leads to better utilization of the equipments. It reduces thenumbers of systems and rids in reduction of investment as well as a space needed to install them. One of the major cancers of modern manufacturing systems is to be able to respond to market Demands which have uncertainties. Prototyping is a process by which a new product is developed in small number so as to determine the suitability of the materials, study the various methods of manufactured, type of machinery required and develop techniques to over come problems that my be encountered when full scale manufacture is undertaken. Prototypes do meet the specification of the component that enters a product and performance can be measured on these. It helps in con be reforming the design and any shortcomings can be rectified at low cost. Flexibility has three dimensions in the manufacturing field. They are variety, volume and time. There demands will have to be satisfied. In that sense they become constraints which restrict the maximization of productivity. Every business will have to meet the market demands of its various products in variety volumes of different time. Flexibility is also needed to be able to develop new products or make improvements in the products fast enough to cater to shifting marker needs. Manufacturing systems have flexibility built into them to enable organization meet global demand. You have understood how the latest trends in manufacturing when implemented help firms to stay a head in business Q2. Explain essentials of Project Management Philosophy A1. Project Management Philosophy A project never goes smooth. It brings unexpected problems during the execution of any phase that marks a difference between the planned activities and actual executions. The deviations enforce re-planning of further activities so that the extra budget and time spent on previous activities can be compensated by revised project plan. A loser is a loser only when he realizes it and gives up. As long as one thinks he has the capability of changing lose situation to a winning situation, he is never a loser. Project management philosophy emphasizes on sharing the problems with all stakeholders and team members so that different brains come out with different responses and any of the response(s) can become the best solution(s). Challenge sharing definitely brings out a solution from somebody else having a different set of experience and exposure who has already been into such a situation and has come out of it already. Sharing problems and challenges saves one from re-inventing the wheel. Documentation sharing and a knowledge sharing platform make a strong basis for keeping all on the same wheel. Managers mostly focus on driving out results from the teams rather than enabling and empowering them to become self driven. Energy flows automatically and uncontrolled. Results start coming out without reaching the deadlines and prior to demand. It depends on managers that by empowerment they start preparing or building leaders within the teams. A combination of leaders, if synergized properly, propels a resultant progress of the project. Managers become critical key in engaging people in the project. A high level of engagement is lodged in the team members via project manager. As long as the project manager is able to drive teams, it makes them engaged to the project. On the other hand if project manager inculcates and inspires team members to self-engage themselves, the team members do not depend to be driven by project manager. Q3. Several different strategies have been employed to assist in aggregate planning. Explain these in brief A3. Planning is a primary management responsibility. Aggregate planning is concerned with organizing the quantity and timing of production over a medium period of time up to eight to ten months with undetermined demand. Specifically aggregate planning means combining all of an organization`s resources into one aggregate production schedule for a predetermined intermediate time period. The objective of aggregate planning is to maximize esources while minimizing cost over the planning period. The aggregate production plan is midway between short-range planning and long-range planning. Aggregate planning includes the following factors: 1. Work force size and composition 2. Demand forecasts and orders 3. Raw material planning 4. Plant capacity management 5. Utilizing outside subcontractors 6. Inventory management Aggregate planning is the link between short-term scheduling and long -term capacity planning. What are aggregate planning strategies? There are three types of aggregate planning strategies: Pure Strategy. In this strategy, only one production or supply factor is changed. Mixed Strategy. This strategy simultaneously alters two or more production or supply factors or some combination. Level Scheduling. This strategy has been adopted by the Japanese and it embodies maintaining constant monthly production schedules. What aggregate planning strategies influence demand? Aggregate planning can influence demand in the following ways: 1. Pricing strategies. Pricing can be used to increase or reduce demand. All things being equal, increasing prices reduces demand while lowering prices will increase demand. . Advertising and promotion strategies. Advertising and promotion are pure demand management strategies in that they can increase demand by making a product or service better known as well as positioning it for a particular market segment. 3. Delayed deliveries or reserving orders. Managing future delivery schedules is a strategy for managing orders when demand exceeds capacity. The net effec t of delayed deliveries, or back ordering, and reservations is to shift demand to a later period of time, often to a more slack period, which provides a smoothing effect for overall demand. However, the negative is that a percentage of orders will be lost as consumers are unwilling or unable to wait the additional amount of time. 4. Diversifying the product mix. Product mix diversification is a method used to offset demand seasonality. For example, a lawn mower manufacturing company may diversify into snow removal equipment to offset the seasonality of the lawn mower industry. What aggregate planning strategies influence supply? Aggregate planning is also used to manage supply considerations by using the following strategies: 1. Subcontracting (outsourcing). Subcontracting is a method of increasing capacity without incurring large capital investment charges. It can turn the competitive advantage of other corporations to the contracting organization`s advantage. However, subcontracting can be costly, and also reveals part of the business to potential competitors. 2. Overtime and idle time. A direct short-term strategy for managing production capacity is to either increase or decrease the number of the work force. This strategy has the advantage of utilizing the currently existing work force. However, overtime is expensive and can produce job burnout if relied upon too extensively. On the other hand, enforcing idle time on the work force can result in resistance as well as a drop in morale. 3. Hiring and laying off employees. Hiring and laying off employees is a medium- to long-term strategy for increasing or decreasing capacity. Hiring employees usually involves the cost of training while laying off employees can incur severance charges. Laying off employees can also cause labor difficulties with unions and reduce morale 4. Stockpiling inventory. Accumulating inventory is a strategy for smoothing variances which may occur between demand and supply. 5. Part-time employees. Certain industries have seasonal requirements for lower skilled employees. Aggregate planning can be used to manage these seasonal requirements. What is the charting method of aggregate planning? Charting is a highly utilized trial-and-error aggregate planning method. It is relatively simple to use and is easily understood. Essentially, the charting approach uses a few variables in forecasting demand, applying current production capacity. While the charting method does not assure an accurate prediction, it is simple to implement requiring only minimal calculations. But trial and error method does not provide an optimal solution. The charting method requires five steps to implement: 1. Calculate each period`s demand. 2. Calculate each period`s production capacity for regular time, overtime, and subcontracting. 3. Determine all labor costs including costs for hiring and layoffs as well as the cost of holding inventory. 4. Evaluate organizational employee and stock policies. . Create optional policies and evaluate their costs. EXAMPLE 1. 30 A Florida men`s suit manufacturer has created expected demand forecasts for the period June-January, as shown in Table 1. 2. The daily demand is calculated by dividing the total expected demand by the number of monthly working days: AVERAGE DEMAND = TOTAL EXPECTED DEMAND / NUMBER OF PRODUCTION DAYS FIGURE 1. 6 MONTHLY AND AVERAGE MEN`S SUIT DEMAND The graph in Figure 1. 6 illustrates that there is a substantial variance between the monthly and average men`s suit demand. What are the costs of aggregate planning? Aggregate planning is a systems methodology having major organizational impacts. Every strategy has associated costs and benefits. Increasing hiring means increasing training costs and incurring associated employment benefit costs. Increasing inventory increases carrying costs consisting of capital and storage costs, deterioration, and obsolescence. Using part-time employees involves the costs and risks of using improperly trained and inexperienced personnel as well as creating possible union conflicts. Using subcontractors has the cost of exposing an organization to potential competitors. EXAMPLE 1. 31 Using the data in example 1. 30, it is possible to develop cost estimates for the men`s suit manufacturer. Basically, the manufacturer has three choices: 1. The manufacturer can meet expected monthly production fluctuations by varying the work force size, hiring and laying off employees as needed. In this scenario, an assumption is made that the men`s suit manufacturer has a constant staff of 55 employees. 2. Another alternative is to maintain a constant work force of 51 employees and subcontract for additional expected demand. 3. A third alternative is to maintain a work force of 69 employees and store suits during the slack demand months. Organizational Costs THREE PLAN SUMMARY COSTS In this example, the best production plan is plan 3 which maintains a work force of 69 employees and stores men`s suit inventory during low demand months. Q 5: Explain the basic competitive priorities considered while formulating operationsstrategy by a firm? Answer: Operations strategy reflects the long-term goals of an organisation in its corporate strategy,a clear understanding of the operating advantages and a good cross functional coordinationbetween functional areas of marketing, production, finance, and human resources departments arerequired. Operating advantages depend on its processes and competitive priorities considered whileestablishing the capabilities. The basic competitive priorities are: Cost, Quality, Time, Flexibility Cost: Cost is one of the primary considerations while marketing a product or a service. Being a lowcost producer, the product accepted by the customer offers sustainability and can outperformcompetitors. Lower price and better quality of a product will ensure higher demand and higherprofitability. To estimate the actual cost of production, the operations manager must addresslabour, materials, scrap generations, overhead and other initial costof design and development, etc. Quality: Quality is defined by the customer. The operations manager looks into two importantaspects namely high performance design and consistent quality. High performance design includessuperior features, greater durability, convenience to services, etc where as consistent designmeasures the frequency with which the product meets its design specifications and performs best. Time: Faster delivery time, on-time delivery, and speedy development cycle are the time factors thatoperations strategy looks into. Faster delivery time is the time lapsed between the customer orderand the delivery. On-time delivery is the frequency with which the product is delivered on time. Thedevelopment speed is the elapsed time from the idea generation up to the final design andproduction of products. Flexibility: Flexibility is the ability to provide a wide variety of products, and it measures how fast themanufacturer can convert its process line used for one product to produce another product afterWhile customisation is the ability of the firm to satisfy the specific needs of each its customer, thevolume flexibility is the ability to accelerate or decelerate the rate of production to handle thefluctuations in demand. For example, the production of fertilisers of different specifications andapplications. How to cite Smu Mb0044 Sem 2 2013 Solved, Papers

Value Management of Construction Projects †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Value Management of Construction Projects. Answer: Introduction: Ethical conduct is more closely related to the legal conduct even though they do not always overlap and leave ambiguity over more appropriate actions at some specific circumstances. However, this uncertainty can be decreased by designing proper organizations which encourage or motivates ethical behaviors. The factors which come into play, while taking ethics in the engineering and construction industries are visibility, reward systems and ethical training programs, which should be introduced in a positive manner (Kelly, Male and Graham 2014). In addition to this, the information and knowledge management mainly focuses on the data available. It deals with the unstructured as well as structured figures and facts. Moreover, technology is highly useful and beneficial in this aspect. It largely focuses on understanding, locating, encouraging and enabling by creating cultures, processes and environments where the knowledge and information are created or shared (Walker 2015). Apart than these factors, the common move for the recent graduates as well as career professionals is doing post graduate research training in building and construction. The building and construction management courses which are offered in institutions help the students in developing their professional contacts as well as building their practical skills. It usually involves field trips and site visits; thus, giving the students the opportunity of putting theories into practice. The regulatory control design in construction management has a major effect on the performances of Model Predictive Control, which must not be ignored. Regulations are considered to be an ever growing feature of modern days. Therefore, for the professionals working in some specific industries like construction, management, finance and others, regulations assist in shaping each and every decision (Kelly, Male and Graham 2014). References Kelly, J., Male, S. and Graham, D., 2014.Value management of construction projects. John Wiley Sons. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.